Place of differential stem cell applications in ovary damage

Objective: In the modernizing world, environmental factors are increasingly showing negative effects on reproductive cells. This problem, which has become a serious problem especially in the Northern part of Europe, is also increasing in our country. Fertilization, which takes place after the interaction of many different cells, realizes many different mechanisms that enable the development of the embryo after the signals it receives from these cells. The situation we call infertilization occurs due to the deficiencies in the interaction of these cells. The aim of stem cell application is to restore these missing interactions as a result of the signals that the stem cell creates and the stimulus it sends to the environment. In this study, the healing period after the wound in the ovarian tissue, the interaction of oogenesis and the contribution of the stem cell to both its own differentiation and the microenvironment called niche will be examined. Method: We created a wound model by injecting bone marrow stromal stem cells, which we cultured in vitro in cell culture, into mouse ovaries with the help of ppd injector under general anesthesia. Following the established day intervals, we killed the animals with the cervical dislocation method and removed their ovaries. We provided 10% formalinfixation and blocked with paraffin blocking method. TUNEL staining was performed on the tissue sections, which were taken on 5 micron-thin milled and polylysine-coated slides, after they were kept in an oven at 37 ºC overnight, and then stained with e-NOS, i-NOS and STRO 1A antibodies, following the hematoxylin staining and indirect immunohistochemical staining protocol the next day. Conclusion: In this study, the most active wound formation was observed on the 3rd day, while the most active wound formation was observed on the 14th day, and it was determined that the stem cell accelerated the healing significantly and provided positive contributions in the seventh-day groups. The presence of stem cells was revealed by STRO-1 staining and mesenchymal stem cells taken from the bone marrow stroma were found to have a homogeneous structure when they reached the 4th passage and behaved like classical stem cells. It was determined that the contribution of the stem cell to the damage in the ovarian tissue, both the repair of the parenchyma and the support it gives to the cells that participate in the formation of the follicle during the oogenesis process. It was observed that it made positive contributions from primary oocyte to graaf follicle and to theca and granulosa cells. It was determined that i-NOS immunostaining increased much more than basal, with NOS staining being more pronounced, e-NOS, in which the process was caused by oxidative damage. The relationship and effect of oxidative stress on cell death was determined by the increase in TUNEL staining. It was thought that the stem cell reduced the formation of free radicals and prevented the damage, and accordingly apoptosis regressed. It made us think that these positive effects of stem cells may be important in regaining the ovarian health of today's women, which has been deteriorated due to nutrition, technology and related factors, and the associated decreased reproductive ability. Adding the niche factor to the positive effects of stem cells in the ovary, determining its contribution to the formation and removal of follicles, revealing the interaction of all the support cells that provide the formation and removal of the graaf follicle and the connective tissue cells that contribute to these cells, and revealing the mechanisms used here are the suggestions brought by the results obtained from the study. Oxidative stress and programmed cell death, which are the mechanisms used by stem cells, seem to be an important weapon that will take its place in clinical medicine as preventive and therapeutic if used wisely. The contribution of this expression to the decreasing reproductive ability is the most important interpretation in terms of its future function (Stimpfell M. et al. 2013).