Investigation of PLGF, sFlt-1 expression in plasenta previa, plasenta accreta and normotensive plasentas in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

Aim: We aimed to immunohistochemically examine the expression level of Placental growth factor (PLGF) and Soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1(sFlt-1) proteins in normotensive, Placenta accreta (PA) and Placenta previa(PP). Material and Method: Three groups were created for the study: 20 Nomotensive placentas, 20 Placenta previa and 20 Placenta accreta from women diagnosed with placenta samples. 4-6 μm thick sections were taken from the placentas, Hematoxylin eozin (H-E) staining, PLGF and sFlt-1 immunostaining were applied to the obtained sections, and their expression intensities and localizations in the tissues were determined. Results: In the H-E stained preparations of the control groups, normal decidua cells and fibrinoid structures were observed to be regularly distributed. In PA and PP H-E staining, degenerative changes in the syncytial and cytotoblastic regions of the villi, dilatation in the vessels and edema in the villi were observed. Control placenta group sFlt-1 and PLGF staining; sFlt-1 and PLGF positive expression was observed in the nuclei of Hofbauer cells, syncytial nodes and muscle cells. PP and PA group sFlt-1 staining, sFlt-1 expression in decidua cells, Hofbauer cells and dilated vascular endothelium, PLGF staining, negative PLGF expression in syncytial nodes and positive PLGF expression in Hofbauer cells and endothelial cells were observed. Conclusion: It can be thought that sFlt-1 and PLGF may be important signal stimulators and markers in the trophoblastic degeneration, apoptotic cells, increase in angiogenesis and imbalance in implantation seen in cases of PP and PA