Effects of social structure on material usage in informal understanding of art

When we look at the definitions, explanations and discourses made for art in the literature, it is that art is a kind of communication language used in saying and transmitting. This communication language is an expression method in which many things can be transferred differently. This expression language, which continued its productivity under the influence of religion in some periods, and emotions in other periods, has always found something to tell. The culture created by the way people feel and perceive their environment, their involvement in life, and their lifestyle have been inherited for future generations. Humans wanted to convey their own acquisitions, feelings and thoughts, their culture with a number of symbols and shapes, and this transfer created the world of art over time. Every artistic transfer has its own rule; like music with sound, picture with color. The developments and changes experienced in the twentieth century in the historical process have also manifested itself in the field of art. With the possibilities of the modern era and the understanding of modern painting, the artist started new searches and moved away from the traditional one. There is a movement that changes the direction of the art that comes to the point of occlusion in this century, where everything is rapidly developing and consumed at the same speed. The idea that everything that can be done in the field of painting has been done, especially after the surrealism has dragged the world of art to the crisis, is the subject of the thesis. Although it is the period in which many scientific developments are experienced in terms of social aspects, the 20th century, which dismisses so many people from itself, can be considered as a period in which the individual is alienated to himself and nature as a result of wars and industry's chaos. These sudden changes and developments that are expected to be positive have had fruitful results in terms of art in the negativities created in human life. The fact that art and artist subjectivity, which diverted from the idea of serving a certain ideology, as in the previous periods, was at the forefront, paved the way for questioning the form and the subject. The art movements that emerged in this century brought innovations with unusual style. It is observed that informal art, which is defined as an aesthetic of the contrary material, brings a breath of fresh air to the painting. Continuing its influence from the 1945s until the 1960s, this art concept continued to enable new methods of expression with names such as action painting, spotting, and stonework. The social, scientific, technological developments and philosophical thoughts of the period that prepared the ground for the formation of this movement were examined and it was tried to make sense of the informal art. Studies created by random brush strokes belonging to the inner world, which are effective in the structure and formation of informal art, are carried out. These studies emphasize the importance of the process, not the result. Using the aesthetic and psychological effect of color, the artist enriches the feelings of the period with the material and transfers it to the surface. The artist, who is engaged in what is to be told from history to today, is now focused on how to tell. It acts with the principle of transforming the material on the surface, and in order to better express the effect of the period, more natural materials were used in the informal understanding. In the use of materials, the materials that the artist made sense in the sociological effect of the period and in the private life of the artist were selected, and the relationship between the material, artist and concept was also examined. Informal artists examined in this context; Alberto Burri, Jean Fautrier, Hans Hartung, Georges Mathiou, Wols, Bram Van Velde, Anselm Kiefer, Antoni Tapies. In this research, data were collected by the literature review method, which is a scientific research method. Resources consist of the life stories of the artists, autobiographies and analysis of articles written about them. The sample model of the research creates the use of materials in forms of expression such as painting, sculpture, and installation. The conditions that prepare the model of the universe, the use of materials, and the effects on the life of the artist and the selected material constitute. It is the material used in the creations created by the artists who stand out in the informal art understanding both on the surface and overflowing from the surface. There are conditions and reasons that predispose to the use of the material. It has been tried to derive an inference by examining these conditions in depth. Keywords: Informal Art, Self, Material, Consciousness, Art