Evaluation of ergonomic risk factors in employees in construction sector

The construction sector is one of the sectors that directly concern production sites in Turkey and make a significant contribution to the country's development and the country's economy. The construction industry has undergone a serious change especially after the advanced technological developments during the 20th century. High-rise buildings, airports, runways, dams, industrial plants and facilities have been constructed which cannot be done 100-150 years ago or which take a lot of time. As a result of the use of machinery and construction tools and materials produced in the construction sector, this level has been reached. The enormous technological developments in every aspect of life and science over the last century have led to the differentiation and development of the tools and materials needed in the construction business, and their use in different ways. These developments together with them also revealed occupational diseases. Many diseases caused by both chemical, biological and physical hazards have emerged and have started to affect human health. With the developing technology, the construction sector in our country has been developed to meet the needs and the construction has started to come to the fore. With the signing of various important projects both in Turkey and abroad, the construction sector has become the shining star of the economy with its sub-branches. In line with these developments, occupational diseases, occupational health and work safety issues have become more important in the construction sector. Turkey's social, economic and cultural integration efforts with the European Union, on security matters and occupational diseases in the construction sector has important criteria. In particular, Turkish construction companies had to comply with European standards, as the Turkish construction companies began to take a large part in the construction activities abroad. Besides covered by corollary, harmonization of Turkey's efforts to join the European Union, construction occupational health and safety in our industry is affected in a positive way. Many workers in the sector are exposed to occupational diseases due to chemical, physical and biological effects. In addition, accidents occur as a result of dangerous situations that occur during work. Inadequate legislation, inadequate supervision and control due to lack of education due to reasons such as worker health, labor and labor safety issues can not be reached satisfactorily, this situation is affected negatively from the country's economies. Social sensitivity, awareness and consciousness are important in terms of creating safe working conditions due to labor and workers accidents and occupational diseases. In this study, the occupational diseases in the construction sector, the specific working conditions of the business sector, the accidents and incidents that have occurred are investigated, the missing points are determined and measures to be taken are presented. Also in the construction industry; observations were made on 21 different types of work in different stages such as mold work, masonry, iron work, and evaluations were made with REBA and QEC methods. As a result of these evaluations, the risk level for each branch in the construction sector is determined to be high. According to these results, it has been understood that the musculoskeletal system is damaged in all areas of the construction sector and that health problems occur in the hands, arms, wrists, shoulders, neck, knees, waist and back, and long-term workers have to be treated. For this reason, it is concluded that certain changes and improvements are made in working conditions and the materials used should be made suitable.