Investigation of body image and self-efficacy in adolescents who using instagram

Studies in instagram users have led us to some complex questions and we try to find out if there is any meaningful difference in body image and self efficacy between adolescents who are more likely use instagram and adolescents who do not use it .The questionnaire form which has been used in our research has main three sections. The first section consists of a demographic information form which is designed to find out participants'gender, age, the number of siblings, education level of father and mother, occupation of father and mother, economic situation, perception of lessons study and facebook and instagram usage which will help us to analyse the results we get. The second section consists of a body image scale developed by Secord and Jourard (1953) and adapted into Turkish and reliability-validity tested by Hovardaoğlu (1993). The last section has a general self-efficacy scale developed by Sherer et al(1982), updated by Sherer and Adams(1983) and adapted into Turkish and reliability-validity tested by Yıldırım and Ilhan (2010). Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, test specimen/substance analysis, total item correlation and Cronbach Alpha were used within the concept of reliability-validity studies of the scales in the research. According to the results obtained, general self-efficacy scale demonstrated high reliability and validity with 17 items and three dimensional construct. Body image scale demonstrated high reliability and validity with 0 items and one dimensional construct.790 students in secondary schools took part in the research program in Doğubayazıt, Ağrı Province. The research consisted of 63.7% female and 36.3% male students. Independent sample t test has been used with the aim of determining if there is a meaningful difference between self-efficacy and body image in adolescents in accordance with their possible usage of Instagram. According to the results obtained, it was revealed that general self-efficacy and sub-dimension points did not show a meaningful difference within the concept of being an instagram user. Also it was reported that body image points did not show a meaningful difference within the concept of being an instagram user. Body image points of adolescents who use instagram are significantly higher than body image points of adolescents who do not use instagram. In addition to this, the usage of Instagram in term of both genders manifests meaningful diffirences with respesct to body image points and sub-dimentional self efficacy points in comparison to the usage of Facebook. The results of the research was discussed with literature and also advised to teachers, researchers and psychological counselors who wish to study in this area.