İran's foreign policy towards shiite groups in the Middle East: The case of Lebanon and Iraq

This thesis discusses Iran's foreign policy against the Shia groups in the Middle East using Iraq and Lebanon as a base. The study analyzes the post-revolutionary regional dynamics and the Shia strategy of Iran until now. Iran's politics in Iraq, is supported by Hezbollah from Lebanon, Yemen and Bahrain politics have been emerged in the interest of Iran. Moreover, the effect of the Velayat-e Faqih theory in Iranian foreign policy was examined. As a hypothesis, a question emerges; how does Iran affect the states like Iraq and Lebanon while the majority of the people are Shia? As an argument, we can say Iran's political activity in Iraq and Lebanon and the continuation of penetration into the states of the Arab Gulf States such as Bahrain and Yemen in that majority of the people are Shia. On the other hand, Iran's reconciliation of sectarian cultural richness with the concept of the Velayat-e Faqih and imposing it on Shiites as a norm had created a strong state model (vision) for the Shiites in the region. The distinctive factor of the Khomeini revolution was the impressive power that will evoke the existed Shia groups until the time of revolution. After the process of normalization of domestic politics, the revolution could not stay in its own shell and began to spread. Revolutionary principles and the success due to the power of Khomeini gained recognition by Shia groups which are close to Iran. Revolutionary principles have made itself felt in many places, including the Gulf States. Moreover, Iran uses its foreign political tools perfectly. As forementioned, Iran uses political tools such as military, cultural, religious education, social support, finance and other political instruments. The usage of these political tools depends on the geopolitical and strategic position of the Shia groups. For example; In Azerbaijan, Turkey, Kuwait and other countries, religious education is used as a political tool to influence Shiites. However, in countries such as Lebanon, Yemen, Iraq and Bahrain, Iran uses the power management. In addition, Iran has established tremendous intelligence networks in every country where it has political interest. On the other hand, the Supreme Leader has appointed representatives to the areas where Shiites live. Keywords: Shi' ism, Iranian Shiites, Velayat-e Faqih, Iraqi Shia groups, Lebanese Shia groups