Semantic and etymological analysis for k-r-m root in the Qur'an

This study is intended to reveal the importance of semantics in analyzing linguistic texts in general and the text of the Qur'an in particular. The root "k-r-m" is adopted as an example in this study. Its basic meaning has been explained. Then the study discusses the additional meanings that the root has acquired over time, and the basic meaning of this root is ''honor and faithfulness'', and its opposite meaning is ''humility or meanness''. The number of additional meanings acquired by the root reached nine meanings in pre-Islamic poetry, thirteen meanings in Islamic poetry, and twenty meanings in ancient linguistic dictionaries, and twenty-five meanings in modern linguistic dictionaries. When this root entered the words or lexicon of the Qur'an, it gained a great importance. It is used forty-seven times in forty-six verses of the Qur'an. It included most of the meanings in which the root was used in pre-Islamic and Islamic poetry, starting with the basic meaning, which is ''Honor'' and other additional meanings such as "preserving oneself from iniquities,", "honoring the guest," "benevolence to others," "generosity," and "forgiveness." This root has gained a more important place than it had before by the Qur'an. The meanings of the root have been employed to express different fields, reaching eleven fields, and this is what makes the root very important in the Qur'anic lexicon. This research is presented in an introduction and two chapters. In the introduction, the importance of derivation in semantic development and the definition of semantics and its methods, factors and forms are discussed. The importance of context in the meaning of the word is also discussed, and it concludes with a statement of the importance of semantic analysis in the Qur'an. Throughout the first chapter, the discussion was about the theoretical framework of the root "k-r-m" and its morphological structure in the language. After that, the meanings in which the root was used were established by tracing the historical stages, beginning with pre-Islamic poetry, Islamic poetry, then the dictionaries of ancient and modern language. In the second chapter: the derivations of the root "k-r-m" are studied, and are classified within certain patterns in the research. The verbal and nominal forms in which the root is mentioned are presented, then the meanings in which the root was used are claified, taking into account the reasons for revelation, by referring to the first interpreters' books, then the research deals with the meanings of the root "k-r-m" contained in the translations the Qur'an into Turkish language. By this, the rate of the translation correctness and its relation with the text of the Qur'an appears. The research concludes by clarifying the Qur'anic words which have a close meaning to the root "k-r-m" and words which have opposite meaning to it.