Arbitration between Qutb al-Dīn al-Rāzī and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Aksarāyī: The judgments of Abd al-Karīm bin Abd al-Jabbār within the framework of Qur'anic sciences in the literature of al-Kashshaf

Since it was written, many works have been produced from various perspectives on the text of al-Kashshāf, thus giving rise to a sub-genre of exegesis history called "The al-Kashshāf Literature". Approximately two centuries after al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538/1144) wrote the text of al-Kashshāf, Qutb al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 766/1365) wrote his work titled Sharh al-mushkilât al-Kashshāf to explain al-Kashshāf. Jamāl al-Dīn al-Aksarāyī (d. 791/1388), who can be considered a contemporary of Qutb al-Dīn al-Rāzī, raised objections to Rāzī's commentary from various disciplinary perspectives and compiled these objections in his work titled al-I'tirāzāt. Afterwards, Abd al-Karīm bin Abd al-Jabbār (d. 831/1427 [?]) wrote his work titled al-Muhākamāt to serve as an arbitrator among the commentator Rāzī, and the objector Aksarāyī. In the first part of this thesis, which consists of two main sections, the life story and works of Abd al-Jabbār are discussed first, followed by a brief introduction of the works al-Kashshāf, Sharh al-mushkilât al-Kashshāf, and al-I'tirāzāt, which shape the content of al-Muhākamāt, in relation to al-Muhākamāt. Later, the general characteristics, sources, methodology, place in the literature, and manuscript copies of al-Muhākamāt have been examined. In the second section of the thesis, the ulūm al-Qur'ān (sciences of the Qur'ān) included in al-Muhākamāt have been examined. The positions of al-Zamakhsharī, al-Rāzī, al-Aksarāyī, and Ibn Abd al-Jabbār in the debate were presented sequentially. In the end, it was concluded that al-Muhākamāt primarily served as a refutation directed at al-Aksarāyī. Furthermore, as a result of the examined debates, it was determined that the authors contributed to the tafsir literature by deepening the discussions on the ulūm al-Qur'ān. Key Words: al-Kashshāf Literature, al-Zamakhsharī, Qutb al-Dīn al-Rāzī, Jamāl al-Dīn al-Aksarāyī, Abd al-Karīm bin Abd al-Jabbār, al-Muhākamāt, ulūm al-Qur'ān.