Molla Sadrâ'da insan'ın istikmâl serüveni: İkâzü'n Nâimîn örneği ve analizi

So far, studies on Mullā Ṣadrā have mostly focused on his philosophical corpus while his relationship with the school of Ibn al-'Arabī and Sufism remains less explored. As such, given this gap, this thesis aims to provide a critical analysis of the content, structure and scope of one of Ṣadrā's understudied mystical treatises, namely, Īqāẓ al-Nāimīn (Awakening the Sleepers) in which he explores man's place in the cosmos and his journey to realization and perfection through it. In this treatise, which has not, as of yet, been the focus of an independent study, Ṣadrā argues that it is one's knowledge of God and servanthood that enable the seeker in attaining spiritual awakening and ultimate perfection. In this effort, Ṣadrā is critical of those (i.e. the Peripatetics) who argue for a kind of philosophy that doesn't require spiritual discipline and religious commitment while also being critical of those (i.e. the pseudo-Sufis) who follow a purely ascetic approach that is devoid of true knowledge. According to Ṣadrā, true philosophy is that which transforms the wayfarer as a whole and ultimately aims to earn proximity to God. As such, the Īqāẓ, on the one hand, stands as a demonstration for Ṣadrā's claim of the unity of rational inquiry (al-baḥth) and spiritual unveiling (kashf) and witnessing (shuhūd). On the other hand, it reveals his indebtedness to the school of Ibn al-'Arabī and in particular, his chief disciple Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī, in his ultimate success at integrating the perspectives of the schools of philosophy and Sufism. Lastly, from a historical point of view, in putting forth Ṣadrā's robust defense of the school of Ibn al-'Arabī against accusations of pantheism, his attempt to demonstrate the underlying harmony among the views of the commentators of this school and his criticism of the scholars who have sought closeness with the rulers, it also provides new insights into Ṣadrā's views regarding the intellectual and political climate of his time. This study hopes to contribute to a wider rethinking of Ṣadrā's system of thought whereby ideas deemed "more akin to Sufi thought" are integrated and a more holistic reading is achieved. Keywords: Īqāẓ al-nāimīn; Mullā Ṣadrā; spiritual journeying (al-sulūk); critique of rational inquiry (al-baḥth), supra-rational unveiling (kashf), heart (qalb).