Natural environmental features of Kalar City and its surrounding (Northeast Iraq) in respect of the establishing site

This study is aimed at natural environmental features of Kalar city and surrounding. The study area lies in the north-east part of Iraq. It is separated from Khanaqen district by Sirwan River. This river forms the eastern boundaries of it. So, it lies between the longitudes (34. 32. 45) to (35. 09. 53) east and latitudes (45.09.19) to (45.37.13). The total area of the district is about 323.7 km2 which are consisted of Rizgary district 529.3 km2, Shex towel 346.7 km2, Pebaz 496 km2. Physical geography as a branch of geography takes care on a study and analysis of physical features on earth planet. The topography of the studied area is greatly influenced by lithological characteristics of the geologic units. The factors, which influence the geomorphology of the studied area, are tectonics, lithology, climate, vegetation. Hence the geomorphologic evolution is controlled by many geomorphologic processes. The main endogenic process is uplifting of the western and northwestern sides of the studied area which was the final stage of Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt formation during the Arabia–Eurasia collision. The main exogenic processes include weathering, erosion, fluvial, hillslope processes, certification, and anthropogenic processes. The main geomorphologic landforms recognized in the studied area are structural, denudation, fluvial, solution and anthropogenic landforms. Anthropogenic landforms produced by excavation by road cuttings, quarrying, and farming. The geomorphic landforms indicate that deformation is propagating from northeast to southwest. For this, our study involved following a scientific course in settling the research steps in five main chapters to attain the main goal of the study and as follows.