Determination of the relationship between GPER, copeptin levels and GPER gene polymorphism in cases with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine-metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age and is a heterogeneous disease that is difficult to define. Its etiology is not fully understood. Symptoms include hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea, and oligomenorrhea. Its prevalence ranges between 7% and 8%. PCOS is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Although the prevalence of insulin resistance in PCOS ranges from 50% to 75%, the onset age of diabetes in these individuals is on average 10 years earlier than in healthy individuals. Obesity in PCOS is usually abdominal and affects approximately 50% of women with the condition. As the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, PCOS not only leads to serious clinical manifestations but is also among the causes of infertility in our country. The female reproductive system is a complex system controlled by intricate hormonal and physiological mechanisms. Disruptions in this system can lead to many metabolic problems. For this reason, polycystic ovary syndrome is a disease whose diagnosis depends on multiple criteria, and whose treatment, causes, genetic inheritance, the roles of related genes, and gene regulation have not yet been fully elucidated. It is anticipated that the increasing body of new data will help identify more genes involved in the disease and clarify the complex relationships between them. As a result, the molecular biology of the disease could be resolved, and more effective and affordable treatment methods could be developed. Estrogens have also been shown to have significant effects on the genital system, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and immune system. GPER-1 (G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor) is an estrogen receptor other than the well-known ERα/β receptors, and it has been reported that GPER levels are decreased in various diseases. For this reason, in our study, we will investigate serum GPER levels and GPER gene polymorphisms (rs11544331 and rs3808350) in cases from both the PCOS and control groups. Another parameter in our study, copeptin, is a precursor of the hormone arginine vasopressin and is considered an important marker of oxidative stress in addition to various diseases. Copeptin has been reported to play an important role in the metabolic response in women with PCOS. Based on this information, copeptin serum levels will also be examined in our study groups. In conclusion, in our study, we aim to evaluate PCOS in terms of serum GPER, copeptin levels, and GPER gene polymorphisms, and to determine the relationship between these findings and the clinical presentation.