Facades in Şanlıurfa traditional houses proportional analysis of elements

From prehistoric times to the present, people have needed shelter to survive. The concept of building has emerged with the effect of natural and human factors for shelter. The building differs according to the period and region in which it is located. Although the first settlements were cave structures, the concept of a house was formed over time. Houses in different forms were produced according to landforms, climate, materials, and social-economic status. At the same time, it has shaped the forms of houses in ethnic, religious and historical elements. These factors affect the forms of the houses as well as the plan and façade setup. There have been various design approaches in ensuring the part-whole relationship in both plan and facade harmony. One of the design approaches is proportion. There is a measure and proportion in many natural or artificial beings in the universe. This ratio is the golden ratio in plants, animals, fruits, works of art and many architectural works in nature. In architectural structures, the ratio is reflected in the plan and façade setup as symmetry, order, rhythm and harmony. In most of these approaches, values close to the golden ratio were obtained. The use of ratios continues from past to present. In retrospect, proportion is also an important design element in traditional architectural texture. There are also different traditional architectural textures in our country. One of these textures is the traditional houses of Şanlıurfa. Within the scope of the study, the ratio approach of the interior dimensions of the door, window, arch opening and iwan elements that form the courtyard facades of Şanlıurfa traditional houses has been examined. The aspect ratios of the facade elements of the courtyard facades, the occupancy-to-space ratio in the total surface area, the ratios of all facades and the deviation values in the ratios were determined. The layout of Şanlıurfa traditional house courtyard facades has been revealed and the effective factors have been determined. The ratio used in houses is related to climate, socio-cultural structure, function, material, symmetry, order, harmony and rhythm formation. Suggestions were made for the facade design of the new houses to be built. Keywords:Şanlıurfa traditional house, facede, proportion, golden ratio