Investigation of the effect of smartphone deprivation (nomophobia) levels on alcohol and substance dependence of university students who play sports in different branches or not

In a study conducted with the voluntary participation of 445 students, comprising 228 females and 217 males aged between 18 and 35, enrolled in various departments of different universities, using the Nomophobia Scale developed by Erdem et al. (2017) in Turkish and re-evaluated for reliability by Güler and Veysikarani (2019), along with the Addiction Profile Index Risk Screening Form (BAPIRT) developed by Ogel et al. (2012), including the Addiction Profile Index (BAPİ) risk screening scale, which encompasses the Alcohol Scale and Substance Scale. The collected data were analyzed using independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and LSD tests in SPSS 26.0 software. The results were interpreted at the 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels. When examining the nomophobia scale scores, significant differences were found among groups in terms of gender, age, education level, class level, marital status, and daily smartphone usage time (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the variables of department, regular sports participation, type of sports, and duration of sports activities (p<0.05). In terms of alcohol addiction scale scores, there were no significant differences among any variables (p<0.05). Regarding substance addiction, only marital status showed a significant difference (p<0.05). In the study, it was found that university students' levels of nomophobia varied according to many variables other than those related to sports. The results indicated that only marital status had an impact on substance addiction, while no variable influenced the levels of alcohol addiction.