Preparation of an urban design guide principles for the conservation of historical texture: The case study of İstanbul Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca street

Historical textures, which are cultural heritage, should be conservated in their original state and kept alive in the usual flow of a modern city. To conservation historical areas with an original identity and character, it is necessary to identify and evaluate the values, problems, needs specific to that area. Urban design guides offer the opportunity to address a specific topic or area in detail from different dimensions, aspects, scales, and contents. For this reason, the use of the urban design guide has been evaluated as an appropriate method for the conservation of historical texture that contain many different elements together and for keeping them alive in urban life. As a case sturdy for the thesis, "Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca Street", which is an urban heritage area, was selected. Beylerbeyi-It is rumored that the construction surrounding Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca Street, one of the oldest roads in Beylerbeyi district, one of the Bosphorus villages, dates to the Byzantine Period. The traditional residences, which give the street the necessary heritage value to be conserved, are it was built in the 19. century. The avenue is one of the examples of the classic street texture of the Ottoman Period that has survived to this day with its historical fountain, the square around the fountain, historical trees. The buildings built in the first years of the Turkey Period on the street are also structures that need to be conserved with architectural design features that reflect the characteristics of the period. This multi-layered texture and the fact that the natural texture of the Bosphorus continues to exist in integrity occupy an important place in the city's memory. The formation of the historical texture of Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca Street and the development process of the construction order were evaluated. The processes of change that have been experienced have led to the influence of both the physical and social texture of Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca Avenue. Within the scope of the thesis, the determination of the changing order because of the pressure created by contemporary urban life on the historical texture was made. In this context, while the construction order on the Street changed in connection with the population movement experienced in the 1950s and the changing zoning laws, the increasing density in the surrounding neighborhoods began to put pressure on Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca Street. The physical change process continued until the construction ban imposed by the Bosphorus Law in 1983, and after that period, construction activities on the Street slowed down and stopped. However, today, the negative impact of the pressure created by the intensity on the historical texture continues. Although the traditional construction on the street is under protection, the original traditional housing texture is facing the danger of extinction. The street is also used as the main artery connecting many districts to central points. It has been inevitable that the historical texture will also be affected by the density brought by the metropolitan city. In this process, the meaning of the place that exists in the original space has started to disappear over time, and the relationship between human and space has decayed. For many reasons, the need to develop methods of intervention to problems that have not been solved for many years has been revealed because of observations and research conducted in the field. Within the scope of the urban design guide, it is aimed to make detailed descriptions of the different elements of the area from the upper scale to the lower scale. With the analysis prepared for the street, the existing problems were examined with different dimensions and the current situation was documented. The analysis was supported by the silhouette drawings prepared about the current situation, the terrain model of the area and photographs taken at various times. Evaluations of the current situation were made by comparing field studies and photographs of the past period. It is aimed to solve the elements determined by the analysis studies in accordance with the guiding function of the urban design guide and to create an urban space with a high quality of life in the historical area. In this context, the principles of approach have been determined within the scope of the synthesis section of the urban design guide. These principles are divided into goals, standards, and recommendations. A way to solve the identified problems has been developed with suggestions created in accordance with the goals and standards. In this context, it is proposed to develop Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca Street by conserving its historical heritage area. Suggestions have been developed on the principles of protection in the silhouette and architectural details. It is proposed to reduce the density that creates obstacles in front of the emergence of the original character of Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca Street. By determining the principles of approach to the newly created street layout, it has been tried to increase the quality of public spaces. To make the proposals understandable by all stakeholders, the studies were supported by various diagrams and visuals. Since the guide should contain guidance on all the details related to the identified problem, some technical information and measurements are also included in the recommendations. As a result, the thesis study was developed based on the conservation of the historical texture. According to the modern understanding of conservation, historical textures should be protected in accordance with the national and international level authorities. In the urban design guide, which has recently started to take place within the urban protection system, in addition to the contemporary conservation approach, the principles and October principles of urban design also play a decisive role. A contemporary conservation approach has been adopted to protect the historical texture of the study area. The principles and objectives of urban design have been used for the area that should continue to function as a part of the city. In this context, it is aimed that the product obtained by using the urban design guide prepared for Beylerbeyi-Çamlıca Street will be a livable urban space whose historical and natural texture has been preserved. As a matter of fact, although quantitative decisions are included in the urban design guide, the main thing is to increase the quality of the space. Only on this occasion can a person's connection with the place be ensured.