Tıbbi bir bitki olan Bellis perennis L. (Çayır Papatyası)'in in vitro kültür protokolünün geliştirilmesi ve biyolojik aktivitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Bellis perennis L. (common daisy) is a medicinal plant in the family Asteraceae. It has been used in the treatment of common cold, wounds, rheumatism and inflammation in traditional medicine. A highly efficient and rapid regeneration system was developed for common daisy. Field-grown plants and in vitro-derived plantlets were compared in terms of their regeneration capacity. The field-grown plants were found to be much more responsive than the in vitro-derived plantlets when used as explant source. Leaf, pedicel and root explants obtained from field-grown plants, and leaf, petiole and root explants obtained from in vitro-derived plantlets were cultured on MSMO medium with various plant growth regulator combinations. The best shoot proliferation was obtained with pedicel explants on media containing 0.5 mg/l TDZ and 0.5 mg/l IAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MSMO medium containing different concentrations of IAA, IBA, 2,4-D and NAA. IAA (1.0 mg/l) was determined as the most effective auxin for rooting. Flowering of regenerated plants was also observed. Chemical composition of B. perennis was determined by using GC-MS, TLC and LC-MS/MS methods. Biological activities of common daisy extracts were assessed using selected bioassays such as antibacterial, antitumor, toxicity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [radical scavenging activity (DPPH), total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) and cell-based (DCFH-DA) assays]. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of flowers exhibited a broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterobacter cloacea. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced tumors in potato tissue were inhibited by all tested flower extracts. Results of brine shrimp toxicity bioassay showed that extracts of daisy were toxic at higher doses. The anticancer activity of extracts was evaluated against human lung carcinoma (A-549), colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). In vitro-derived leaf extracts showed the best anticancer activity against selected cell lines. Morever, n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of flowers exerted high levels of anticancer activity. Metanol extract of flowers showed strong anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 macrophages. The ethyl acetate fraction of flower was found to be a strong antioxidant, with total phenolic content and ORAC value. The results of this thesis showed that B. perennis has a great potential to be used in phytotherapy, pharmacy and food industry.Anahtar Kelimeler: Bellis perennis L., çayır papatyası, in vitro kültür, ekstraksiyon metodları, GC-MS, TLC, LC-MS/MS, biyolojik test, antibakteriyel, antitümör, toksisite, antikanser, sitotoksisite, antiinflamatuar, antioksidan.