Tıbbi bir bitki olan Filipendula ulmaria (L.) maxim`in doku kültürü ve biyolojik aktivitesinin değerlendirilmesi

Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim (meadowsweet) is a medicinal plant that has been used to treat several inflammatory diseases including gout and rheumatoid arthritis, and for the treatment of coughs, bronchitis, fevers, ulcers and colds. A reliable in vitro culture protocol for meadowsweet was established. Three different explants (leaf discs, petioles and roots) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog minimal organics (MSMO) medium with various hormone combinations. The best shoot formation was obtained from root explants with 0.1 mg/l TDZ+0.5 mg/l IAA+0.5 mg/l GA3 and 0.5 mg/l TDZ+0.25 mg/l IAA+0.5 mg/l GA3. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MSMO medium containing different concentration of IAA, IBA, 2,4-D or NAA for rooting. IBA was the most effective auxin for rooting. The greatest number of roots per explant was observed with 0.5 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l IAA. Rooted plants were transferred to Magenta containers including vermiculate for acclimatization. After 3 weeks, they were transferred to soil.Three different bioassays (antibacterial, antitumor and toxicity) were performed to show the biological activities of meadowsweet extracts. They were evaluated between field-grown plants and in vitro-grown plants using eight different extracts [ethanol extracts of in vitro-grown (IE) and field-grown (FE) plant materials, ethylacetate extracts of in vitro-grown (IEA) and field-grown (FEA) plant materials, hexane extracts of in vitro-grown (IH) and field-grown (FH) plant materials and aqueous extract of in vitro-grown (IW) and field-grown (FW) plant materials]. Generally antibacterial activities of field-grown plants were higher than in-vitro grown plants against all bacteria used. Aqueous extract of field-grown plant (FW) exhibited higher antibacterial activity than other extracts. S.epidermidis, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, S. marcescens, , P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae were sensitive to FW.Antitumor activity of meadowsweet was tested with potato disc diffusion bioassay. Field-grown plants showed higher activity than in vitro-grown plants. But, after viability test for Agrobacterium tumefaciens, it was understood that inhibition of crown gall formation on potato disc is caused by decreasing the viability of the A. tumefaciens. It is not possible to test the antitumor activity of F. ulmaria with potato disc bioassay. Because meadowsweet extracts have very strong antibacterial activity and affect the viability of A. tumefaciens.The brine shrimp bioassay was used to assess the general toxicity of meadowsweet extracts. All extracts were toxic at higher doses (LC50 > 2.000 mg/l) by comparing with MS-222 (Tricaine methane sulfonate). Aqueous extracts of field-grown and in vitro-grown plants were less toxic than other extracts (ethanol, ethylacetate and hexane). Meadowsweet extracts were cytotoxic at high concentrations and they may not be very effective to kill cancer cells in cell culture.