The effect of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes' nutrition pattern on metabolic profile

The research was designed to asses nutritional status of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and examine the effects of some nutrients on HbA1c levels. 52 children and adolescents that are followed at Istanbul University Department of Pediatric Health and Diseases Division of Growth Development and Endocrinology have participated to this study. Length and weight of participants measured and then Body Mass Index (BMI) of children and adolescents was calculated. Children's and adolescent's demographic status was obtained with a form that prepared and enclosed herewith. The laboratory results of patients are taken by patients file. The results have assessed by SPSS v20.0. 37,7% of children and adolescents are at 25-75. Percentile according to the their BMI. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to HbA1c levels; 7,5% and less is good glycemic control, the 7,5% to 9% is intermediate glycemic control , and 9% more than have poor glycemic control. 40,4% of children and adolescents have poor glycemic control. Children and adolescents' AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrients Distribution Ranges) of macronutrients are 46% for carbohydrates, 17% for proteins, 37% for lipids; these value except for lidis are in recommended ranges. As for the other nutrients; 71,2% of the population take insufficient vitamin A, 86,5% of the population take insufficient vitamin E, 76,9% of the population take insufficient folate, 32% of the population take insufficient vitamin C, 100% of the population take insufficient potassium, 84,6% of the population take insufficient fiber. HbA1c levels with exercise state of the patient group showed a statistically significant difference (p<0,05). HbA1c levels patients with doing exercise regular unlike the majority of studies have found higher than other groups. HbA1c levels of patients according to their energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake on average did not show a statistically significant difference. Calcium, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin E and fiber values ​​were low according to the RDA. According to these results dietary consumption of patients with diabetes mellitus should be checked and provided to have adequate and balanced nutrition for metabolic and glycemic control.