Assessment of the effects of diet and exercise implementations on certain serum myokine and adipokine levels in type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance

The aim of the present study is to investigate the changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters, serum irisin, FGF21, FSTL1, visfatin, and Metrnl levels in response to diet and exercise in T2D and insulin resistant subjects. Individuals recruited in this research includes 24 insulin resistant and 24 T2D patients (BMI>25kg/m2) and 24 healthy controls in between the ages of 18-60. Experiment groups divided into 2 groups as diet and exercise and received individually planned exercise and/or diet therapy and followed for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and certain biochemical parameters, serum adipokines and myokines levels were assessed at the beginning, 4th, and 12th week. Results showed that baseline irisin levels were higher in diabetes (20,886,5 ng/mL) and insulin resistance (23,696,1 ng/mL) groups than control group (11,395,2 ng/mL, p0,001). In addition, baseline visfatin and FSTL1 levels were increased in diabetic individuals in comparison to insulin resistant and healthy subjects. However, baseline metrnl levels were higher in insulin resistance group compared to T2D (p=0,001). FGF21, visfatin and FSTL1 levels were decreased at 12th week in T2D (p0,05), while irisin levels at 12th week increased in comparison to 4th week's levels (p=0,008). Irisin, FGF21, and FSTL1 levels were decreased at 4th week in insulin resistant subjects (p0,05). Visfatin levels were remained statistically unchanged (p0,05). Metrnl levels reduced at 12th week (p0,001). Adipokine and myokine levels have not differed between diet and diet + exercise groups throughout the study (p0,05). Irisin levels-muscle mass and FGF21-body weight were found (+) and FSTL1-weist/hip ratio (-) associated in insulin resistant subjects. Visfatin levels were corelated with HbA1c levels in T2D at 12th week (r=-0,454; p=0,026).