Association of adherence to MIND diet, dietary antioxidant capacity on cognitive function and some biochemical parameters in elderly with parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease that occurs with motor and non-motor symptoms. As in every period of life, the diet pattern is important in the elderly with Parkinson's disease. With aging, reactive oxygen species increase in the body; In cases where free radicals cannot be eliminated by antioxidant systems, redox homeostasis is disrupted and pathological conditions occur. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of adherence to MIND diet, dietary antioxidant capacity on cognitive function and some biochemical parameters in elderly with Parkinson's disease. The research data was collected using a questionnaire and blood samples were taken from the patients by the nurse working in the clinic. The questionnaire form consisted of nine parts: general information, dietary habits, a 24-hour recall food consumption, anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist circumference, calf circumference) and hand grip strength, MIND diet adherence assessment form, assessment of cognitive function (mini-mental test, clock test), biochemical parameters, International Physical Activity Questionnaire- short form and Bristol stool chart. 57 elderly individuals with Parkinson's disease, 29 female and 28 male, were included in the study. The mean age of the individuals participating in the study was 70,2±4,6 years. 59,6% of the individuals were in the first, 31,6% in the second and 8,8% in the third Hoehn & Yahr disease stage. The mean MIND diet adherence score of the participants was 7,8±1,3. The mean Mini Mental Test score of the individuals was 25,7±3,9; Clock Drawing Test score is 8,4±2,1. A weak positive correlation was determined between the FRAP 1 level and the Mini Mental Test score (p<0,05). There was a moderate positive correlation between GSH and total phenolic content; a weak negative correlation between GSSG and FRAP 1, TEAC; and a moderate negative correlation between FRAP 2, TRAP, H-ORAC, dTAC (p<0,05). There was a moderate positive correlation between GSH GSSG ratio and FRAP1, FRAP2, H-ORAC, dTAC, and a weak positive correlation between TRAP, TEAC (p<0,05). There was a weak positive correlation between TAS and FRAP 2, TRAP, TEAC (p<0,05). There was a weak negative correlation between zonulin levels and dTAC (p<0,05). The median FRAP 1 value of individuals with hard stools is 7,5 (min-max: 3,1-21,6), while the median FRAP 1 value of individuals with normal stools is 11,1 (min-max: 4,1-22,6) (p<0,05). A moderate positive correlation was found between Mini Mental Test score and GSH level (p<0,05), and a weak positive correlation was found between Clock Scratch Test score and TAS level (p<0,05). A moderate positive correlation was found between MIND diet adherence score and GSH (p<0,05). In the model adjusted for body mass index, calf circumference, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and physical activity level, it was found that higher MIND diet adherence was associated with lower zonulin levels (β=-0,25). In the model adjusted for age, gender, disease stage and years of education, higher MIND diet adherence score was associated with a higher mini-mental test score (β=0,54). In the model adjusted for age, gender, years of education and smoking status, it was determined that a higher MIND diet adherence score was associated with a higher clock drawing test score (β=0,33). It was found that dietary antioxidant capacity and adherence to the MIND diet may be associated with blood parameters related to cognitive function and oxidative stress. It was also found that adherence to the MIND diet may be associated with zonulin. Oxidative stress and microbiota are important in elderly with Parkinson's disease. It is thought that regulating dietary patterns may have an effect on cognitve function, oxidative stress and microbiota. Intervention studies are needed to get more precise results and to make a more accurate assessment in this area.