Theses supervised by Prof. Dr. Hanifi Çanakcı
19 theses · Gaziantep University, Hasan Kalyoncu University
An investigation of mechanical, physical, and microstructural properties of full-scale soilcrete column in organic and clay soil
Jet grouting methods have recently become one of the soil enhancement technologies utilized to provide strength improvement and solve most problems of weak soils. In this study, a full-scale 1 m diameter and 5 m length soilcrete (SC) (jet grout) column was constructed in the organic soil with a water-to-cement ratio of 1 and 400 bar pressure injections. Besides that, SC column has been constructed with 1m depth in clayey soil regarding different pressure injections (300, 325, 350, 375, 400) bar and different rotations (25, 35, 45) rpm. A mechanical, physical, and microstructural investigation was performed on SC samples taken from six different depths (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) m and at the same depth at five different locations, including the center for organic soil. For clayey soil, the observation of geomechanical properties of SC was taken according to different pressure, rotation parameters, and different location of specimens in grout column. Following tests are performed on each sample: strength characteristics in all conditions, water absorption, density, porosity, and surface friction between SC-soil samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) were performed on selected samples to investigate microstructural variation of SC columns regarding all different parameters. The test results showed that the strength of SC varies with depth that exceeded 48%, and within the same depth, the variation is approximately 20% for organic soil, while for clayey soil, the strength decreased by 38% with increasing the pressure and decreased it (6%) with increasing rotations. Other properties (water absorption, density, porosity) also vary regarding all different parameters for both SC in organic and clayey soil. As well as, the surface friction angle of different types of soil-cement grout gains 42° for organic and its varies between 9°-to-19° for clayey soil. The theoretical part of this study is to predict the diameter of SC in both types of soils
Failure behaviors of basalt having contact surface texture under compressive and tensile loading conditions
In some areas of the Gaziantep region, large amounts of Basalt deposits are dominant. There are so many problems with rocks after construction load is applied. The properties of the rocks and soils on which the structure will be built should be carefully determined beforehand. A very important issue in geotechnical engineering is rock's physical and mechanical properties. In this study, 39 basalt core samples were taken from the Gaziantep region to investigate how basalts behave with interface contact surface during failure. Block basalt samples were cored to obtain test samples in standard size. After standard samples were prepared following mechanical tests were carried out; Brazilian tensile test and uniaxial compression test. Modulus of elasticities of the rocks was determined from the uniaxial compressive strength test. Also, ultrasonic pulse velocity tests, test dry densities, saturated densities, and water absorption were were determined for the samples. All experiments were performed by the international rock mechanics test standard ISRM (2007). As a result of the indirect tensile strength (Brazil) test and uniaxial compression test, the failure behavior of the non-homogeneous samples consisting of the different contact surfaces was investigated. When the test samples were examined, It is found that failure does not always occur along the contact surface of the samples. Sometimes it follows the contact surface.
Predicting rock toppling behaviour using animation software
Blender is a software used in the film and computer games industries to realistically animate a physical system and produce animation films. In this paper, it is shown that media can be faithfully modeled using rigid body physics. Rock toppling and soil sliding are issues confusing the designers in selecting the alternative roots of roads due to miss availability of exact predictions. The animation program is used to simulate a rock toppling model to evaluate the results and find the prediction capacity of the software. For this purpose, BLENDER simulations were modeled to simulate cases in two different studies made by (Wyllie and Mah., 2004) and (Guo et al.,2017), and the results are then compared with said study results. Results showed that Blender as a computer software seems to be a tool to predict rock toppling behavior.
Rheological, fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of mechanochemically activated rice husk ash and glass powder/ slag- based geopolymer for grouting and deep mixing
This research investigates the use of mechanochemical activation as an alternative activation technique to overcome the difficulties associated with conventional two-part geopolymers and increase the reactivity of a one-part geopolymer during ambient curing. The study synthesizes ready-to-use geopolymeric precursors through the mechanochemical grinding of raw materials in a solid state, resulting in an eco- and user-friendly geopolymer binder that requires only the addition of water. The binder is then used to prepare geopolymer grouts and deep soil mixes, with properties evaluated and compared to those of slag-based conventionally activated geopolymer (CSG) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Four rice husk ash (RHA) and glass powder (GP) replacement ratios are used to investigate the feasibility of using RHA and GP as partial precursors in slag-based mechanochemically activated geopolymer (MSG) binder. Various tests are performed to examine the properties of the resulting grouts and deep soil mixes, including rheological behavior, fresh properties, mechanical characteristics, and microstructure analysis. The results showed that the rheological characteristics and fresh properties of MSG grouts were considerably enhanced in terms of groutability when slag was replaced with 0–30% RHA and GP. In addition, the mechanical characteristics increased with the increased partial replacement of slag with RHA and GP up to 20% and decreased beyond that. In terms of activation mechanism, the mechanochemical activation technique reduced the rheological and fresh properties while the strength increased by 18% compared to the conventional activation method. Microstructural analysis revealed the existence of more unreactive particles in both conventionally activated geopolymer and MSG grout containing 30% RHA and GP. The results also confirmed that MSG grouts had a shorter setting time and more stable bleeding capacity than OPC grout. this study investigates the mechanical and durability properties of soil specimens stabilized with OPC, MSG, and CSG exposed to magnesium sulfate solutions for 60 and 120 days. The results show that MSG-stabilized soil attained the highest UCS, followed by CSG and OPC stabilizers. In addition, the UCS trend of MSG-stabilized soil increased with increasing partial substitution of slag with RHA up to 20% and afterward declined. Meanwhile, the UCS reached the highest when the amount of GP was 10% of the geopolymer stabilizer. The MSG samples with 20% RHA and GP exhibit less visual deterioration, discoloration, expansion, and cracking than other DSM samples. Partial replacement of slag with RHA and GP up to 20% was recorded as the highest residual UCS. Key Words: Grouting, Deep Soil Mixing, Mechanochemical Activation, Geopolymer, Rheological, Strength, Durability, Rice Husk Ash, Glass Powder
Development and characterization of eco-and user-friendly binder for grouting and deep mixing via mechanochemical activation of slag/fly ash-based geopolymer
This research uses a mechanochemically activated geopolymer approach to develop and characterize eco- and user-friendly binders for grouting and deep soil mixing. The method involves dry grinding together the raw materials (fly ash and slag) and alkali activators (sodium hydroxide or sodium silicate) in a ball mill for two hours, after which water is the only additive required to initiate the geopolymerization reaction. The resulting binder was compared to conventionally activated and one-part geopolymer binder for evaluation purposes. The effects of slag/fly ash ratios and the molarity of sodium hydroxide on geopolymer grout mixtures were also investigated. A series of tests were performed, including rheological behavior, fresh properties, mechanical characteristics, and microstructure analysis. The results showed that the mechanochemical activation technique reduced the rheological characteristics and fresh properties of geopolymer grout compared to the conventional activation process. However, the mechanical properties of the mechanochemically activated geopolymer (MG) grout were higher than that of the conventionally activated geopolymer (CG) and one-part geopolymer (OPG) grout. In addition, the increase in molar concentration and slag content considerably increased the rheological and mechanical properties, whereas the fresh properties were dramatically reduced. The research also investigated the Mechanical and durability properties of deep soil mixing (DSM) specimens exposed to magnesium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and seawater solutions for 60 and 120 days. The results showed that the DSM samples stabilized with mechanochemically activated geopolymer (MAG) had a denser microstructure with a well-connected gel-like network, whereas conventionally activated geopolymer (CAG)-stabilized soil exhibited a loose microstructure with unreacted particles. MAG-stabilized soil showed better resistance to chemical attack from magnesium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and seawater, with less mass change and better residual unconfined compressive strength values. Samples with 75% slag replacement showed the highest resistance to chemical attack compared to other DSM samples. These findings suggest that MAG-activated geopolymer stabilization can be a more effective and durable method for stabilizing soil. Key Words: Grouting, Deep Soil Mixing, Mechanochemical Activation, Geopolymer, Rheological, Strength, Durability, Chemical Attack
Stabilization of expansive soil by using waste beverage can strips
This thesis presents an investigation of the effect of waste aluminum beverage cans strips on strength and swelling properties of lean clay. Soil used in the study was collected from Shoraw-site in Kirkuk, Iraq. After performing sieve analyses and consistency tests, the soil sample was classified as lean clay (CL) according to a unified soil classification system. Waste beverage cans (WBC) were also collected from the same region and cut into 5mm strips before being mixed with the soil. Three standard tests were carried on the prepared samples: compaction, free swelling, and California Bering Ratio (CBR) tests. Different percentages of aluminum by dry weight of soil, ranging from 2% to 10% in increments of 2%, were used. Waste aluminum strips were placed in the soil during the compaction stage. They were randomly distributed in the soil horizontally. Test results showed that WBC significantly affected compaction characteristics, swelling and strength property of the clay. Addition of WBC in the clay increased its maximum dry density and reduced its optimum moisture content. The percent swelling of native soil reduced from 4.3% to 1.8% at 10% WBC by dry soil mass. The CBR values also increased from 2.7% to 9.6%. All test results indicated that WBC can be used in improving swelling and strength properties of clayey soil.
Clay soil stabilization with waste soda lime glass powder
This study was carried out with an intention to observe any sign of improvement of clayey soil due to addition of waste soda lime glass powder (WSLGP). The clay used in the study was collected from Sulaymaneyah city, Iraq. Waste soda lime glass powder was crushed and sieved through number 200 (75 μm) sieve was stabilizer. WSLGP mixed with clay in varying proportions namely 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% in dry weight of clay. In order to investigate the effect of WSLGP on strength and consistency of clay, specific gravity, atterberg limits, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), swelling, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were carried out on the mixtures. Three different curing times was used for the mechanical tests. All samples were cured in the air. 3, 7, and 28 days of curing were applied for unconfined compression test samples. CBR tests were carried out after 4 days of curing. The test results indicated that the addition of WSLGP into clay has a significant effect on the strength and consistency of clay. It was found that there was an apparent reduction in optimum moisture content, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, and swelling of clay for all percentages of WSLGP. Whereas, it was found that same additive caused increase in maximum dry density, and CBR value for all percentages. The test results also showed that curing time has a positive effect on compressive strength. In general, it was found that geotechnical parameters of clay soil are improved substantially by the addition of waste soda lime glass powder into clay.
Effect of glass powder added grout for deep mixing of sand
The deep mixing column is one of the soil improvement methods that is extensively used to improve the weak or problematic soils in order to increase the bearing capacity and reduce the settlement applied by creating mixed columns which include in-situ mixing of soil and Portland cement or lime with special machines. The goal of this study was to estimate the possibility of replacing waste glass soda powder with Portland cement in the binder for stabilization of sandy soil using the deep mixing method in order to reduce the consumption of cement. The grounded waste glass soda to a fine powder shows some pozzolanic properties due to the silica content. Three laboratory tests were carried out (Vicat test, unconfined compressive test and Ultrasonic pulse velocity) in order to investigate the effect of the glass powder that replaced with cement in the binder at different proportions (0%, 3%, 6%, 9% by dry weight) has been experimentally investigated for the deep mixing on the performances of loose sand with various clay contents (4%, 8%, 20% by dry weight). It is found from the testing results that i) the glass powder is not able to accelerate the setting time of grout, ii) the bulk density does not significantly change with the glass powder, clay content and curing time, iii) The best value of UCS can be obtained at the 28-days curing time due to the addition 3% of glass powder at the 20% clay content of sand, iv) the elastic modulus correlates well with the UCS values (R ≥ 83) at the majority of soilcrete samples and v) the best UPV can be obtained at the 28-days curing time due to the addition 3%of glass powder at the 4% clay content of sand.
Earthquake analysis of 12 storey building considering built on three type of soil include effect of soil structure interaction
The consideration interaction between structure, foundation and soil under the foundation for analysis and design of the structure change the actual behavior of the structure than earn from the consideration of the structure only. Soil-structure-interaction has been a major topics in researchers of structural and earthquake designer engineering since it is closely related to the safety evaluation of many important super structure engineering projects, In the typical and traditional design practice all will assume that structures are fixed base but in real built on flexible area, soil under foundation is flex and capable to cause structure for motion, special during earthquake exciting. In the presented study the property of (12) real storey building are modelled under four type of different soil, first fix base model, Second very dense soil that shear wave velocity are equal (500 m/sec). Third medium soil stiffness that shear wave velocity are equal (Vs = 250 m/sec), fourth weak soil that shear wave velocity are equal (120 m/sec). Finite Element Method is used to model soil-structure-interaction, apply strong earthquake record for the structure and analysis linear dynamic of structures by numerical software engineering program SAP 2000 Version number 19. The main objective of this research are to investigate the influence , effect and behavior for interaction between structure and soil that build on it during earthquake exciting, and deal for new phenomena of design include soil-structure-interaction and compare with conventional design (fix bass design) by (i)determine displacement, (ii) drift between storey floor , (iii) maximum shear force, (iv) maximum bending moment, (v) maximum torsion and spectral velocity for fix base design theory and soil-structure-interaction consideration for different type of soil.
An investigation on some geotechnical properties of the anhydrite and gypsum collected from vicinity of hafik district in Sivas region
This study aims to an investigation on some geotechnical properties of the anhydrite and gypsum that were collected from vicinity of Hafik district in Sivas region. So as to to evaluate the geotechnical properties of the samples several test methods, which includes frost resistance by using magnesium sulfate, Los Angeles Abrasion Test, Brazilian Tensile Test, Unit Weight and Water Absorption Test, Unconfined Compressive Test were conducted. The field works for geotechnical survey have been caried out the determining the nature of soil characteristics in the region. At this purpose, 7 trial pits had been excavated for collecting disturbed and undisturbed samples which have been subjected to complete the essential laboratory testings at the laboratories. The comperative results between the anhydrite and gypsum were presented and discussed as well. As a result, the test results showed that these minerals could be used for some geotechnical apllications as an supplementary materials or soil improvements may be needed on soils with excess gypsum/anyhdrite structure.
Pull-out capacity of multi-helix screw pile in organic soil
In this study, the performance of multi-helix plate piles under pull-out load in organic soils is tested through an experimental investigation on helical piles. Tests were carried out on rigid helical piles with different numbers of plates. The helix piles were made of 16 mm diameter mild steel shafts to which mild steel plates of 50 mm for both diameter and pitch were welded. Tests were performed on single, double, triple, and quadrable-helix cylindrical screw piles with helix spacing to diameter ratios varying from 0.1 to 0.5. A set of tests was also performed to evaluate efficiency. The results of the tests are used to illustrate the difference in ultimate capacity for the different geometry anchors. The results showed that the helical piles behavior depends essentially on pile geometric characteristics and soil density. According to the achievements, pull-out load capacity of helical piles depends on spacing ratio (S/D) and number of plates. Key Words: helical pile, organic soil, pull-out capacity, pile efficiency
Yumuşak zeminlerde fore kazık tasarımının optimizasyonu
Günümüz yapı mühendisliğinde özellikle çok katlı yapılarda ekonomik tasarımlar üretme yolunda çokca çalışma bulunmaktadır. Yapı mühendisliğinde sığ ve derin temel sistemleri, yapının inşaasının yapılacağı zemin parametrelerine göre ve üst yapı yüküne göre belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında kazıklı temel sistemleri ve radyejeneral temel sistemleri çalışılmış bu sayede temel sistemlerinin kabul gören yayınlardan sağlanılan formülizasyonlarıyla ve günümüz uygulama mühendisliği ile bağı tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca, örnek bir üst yapı tasarısının yumuşak killi bir zemin üzerindeki kazıklı temel sistemi modellemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen tasarımlar ile kazıklı sistemlerin çapı, boyu ve zemin alanı içerisindeki dağılımları gibi parametreleri değiştirilerek farklı fraksyonlar elde edilmiştir. Bu sayede uygun ergonomide ve stabiliteye sahip tasarımlar sağlanmıştır. Yapı mühendisliğinde kullanılan kazıklı sistemlerde üst yapı yükü göreceli olarak duraysız olan zemine değil, bu zemin altında bulunan anakayaya taşıtılması esas alınmaktadır. Fakat radyejeneral sistemlerde üst yapıdan doğan yük temel üzerine yayılarak temel sistemi tarafından taşıtılması planlanmıştır. Elde edilen üç farklı modelde kazık boylarının ve temel planındaki kazık dağılımlarının farklılıkları üzerinde durulmuş, bu sayede yükün homojen bir şekilde taşınabilmesini sağlamak için farklı denemeler yapılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler:Temel Tasarımı, Kazık Uygulamaları, Zemin Stabilitasyonu, Statik, Sta4CAD
Independent comparison between Plaxis 2D and Deepxcav for the deep excavation project in a case study
The purpose of a deep excavation support system is to provide lateral support for the soil around an excavation to limit the wall deflections and ground movements. If the wall deflections and ground movements are excessive during the excavation process, severe damages to surrounding buildings, roads and infrastructures may occur and in the worst case, collapse of the excavation system itself. In this thesis, in order to make analysis for a case study in deep excavation two common softwares were used. One of them is Plaxis 2D and the other one is DeepXcav. Both of them are very beneficial and common programs to make design and analysis for geotechnical works. When they are compared with each other, there are some differences among them. Making an analysis with Plaxis 2D is easy, reasonable and reliable, on the other hand for some cases DeepXcav is more remarkable than Plaxis 2D. Therefore, the comparison results that were obtained from Plaxis 2D and DeepXcav were observed and presented in this study.
Investigation of concrete slab crack when placed directly on clay
In this study, investigation of concrete slab cracks when placed directly on clay, types of cracks in seam zone, cracks depth and width, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength were studied. Also the effects of the cracks on the physical properties of concrete due to dry shrinkage. A total of eight concrete mixtures were produced with 500 kg/m3 of total cementitious materials content and with a constant water/binder ratio of (0.55). each mixture were casted over clay layer, Each layer of clay had various water content ratio from 0% to liquid limit , concrete samples were either cured by spraying at 23℃ or maximum temperature of 28 days curing period. Test results revealed that 28-days compressive strength enhanced while leading to reduce in ultrasonic pulse velocity, it was found that the concrete mixtures that placed over high clay water content had higher compressive strength and lower dry shrinkage values compared to the samples that casted over low water content clay. However e-modulus of elasticity increased due to dry shrinkage.
Pull-out capacity of double-helix screw pile in organic soil
The organic soil used in this study was obtained from Sakarya region, Turkey. According to the system of classification (USCS), the present soil is classified as an organic silt soil with high plasticity (OH). Standard and modified compaction, sieve analysis, specific gravity and organic content tests were done to obtain the engineering properties of organic soil. An experimental investigations on single helical piles were conducted in organic soil. In this work, the effect of spacing ratio of double-helix pile and soil density on the pile performance under vertical pull-out static load were investigated. Double-helix piles were installed and loaded axially in two soil densities: soft and stiff organic soil. Up lift performance was predicted using the axial load versus displacement readings. The pull-out load was applied vertically with the axis of the pile. Test results showed that the ultimate pull-out load capacities of double-helix pile are controlled by the spacing of helical plates. An increase in spacing ratios causing a decrease in ultimate pull-out capacity of helical pile in organic soil. Also, increasing the soil density increasing the ultimate pull-out load capacity. The study showed that the capacity of double-helix pile is greater when the spacing ratios 1 and 2 than 3 and 4. In general, the capacity of double-helix piles with a spacing ratios of 1 and 2 is ranged from 1.25 to 1.77 times the capacity of double-helix pile with spacing ratios of 3 and 4 in both stiff and soft soil respectively. Keywords: Organic soil, helical pile, pull-out, soil classification, pile installation.
Effect of coverage ratio to pullout behaviour in mechanically stabilized earth walls
Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall type is one of the most popular retaining wall types of all due to their engineering advantages. The internal stability controls of this wall type, is the main difference between it and other conventional retaining wall types. The internal stability controls contain tension and pullout failure modes to be controlled. Steel strip type of reinforcement is broadly used in the design of MSE walls and pullout failure mode is an important aspect to be checked when it comes to this reinforcement type and coverage ratio is one of the governing factors for it. Center to center horizontal spacing and reinforcement width are main components of the coverage ratio. Corrosion is another aspect to be checked when it comes to steel material type and galvanization is commonly used method to postpone the expected corrosion effect, yet cut edge corrosion is often neglected factor due to their negligible reduction effect to tension strength. Nonetheless, cut edge corrosion affects the pullout behaviour as well, although it is relatively little. In this study, a parametric study is conducted on a baseline case in order to investigate the effect of coverage ratio to pullout behaviour of MSE walls reinforced with steel strip reinforcement type. In this regard, Python programming language is used to construct a calculation procedure for design of baseline case, implication of different center-to-center horizontal spacing values and application of strip width with and without cut edge corrosion. Results of the study indicates that, center-to-center horizontal spacing may play a crucial role in failure when it is chosen in critical state. Results has also shown that cut edge corrosion may cause deficiency in reinforcement amount by the end of design life time and it should be taken into consideration at the design stage.
Kahramanmaraş bölgesinde alüvyon zeminlerde jet grout uygulamalarının mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
The jet grout method, which is among the methods commonly used in the design, decking, and decking of building foundations in our country, is among the most preferred methods. It was observed that there was a decrease in seating, permeability, and an increase in carrying power and against liquefaction with ground strengthening performed by the Jet grout method. Within the scope of the thesis, the mechanical properties of jet injection were examined with different literature studies and in this context, parameters were determined in the production of jet grout column and 3 columns were manufactured. Manufactured jet grout columns are made with different injection pressure and water/cement ratio with a single fluid (Jet1) system on the compressed alluvial ground. Jet grout application was made at the construction site of the Turkoglu fire building, which is planned to be made on behalf of the Metropolitan Municipality of Kahramanmaras, which is located in the Turkoglu District of Kahramanmaras province, Turkoglu (Center) District, 88 Islands, and 21 parcels. A total of three types of bar pressure were used during the application of Jet grout. • 300 bar • 400 bar • 450 bar A soil sample was taken at a depth of one meter in the area of the manufactured columns. Plastic Limit, liquid Limit test, and sieve analysis were performed with the samples taken. In the research, the water/cement ratio of the columns formed with 300 bar and 400 bar from 3 columns manufactured was determined as 1. In the column formed with 450 bar, the water/cement ratio was determined as 0.8. In addition, the pull (30 V (cm/min)) and rotation speeds (15/20 D (rpm)) of the manufactured 3 columns, the diameter of the nozzle used (2.2 mm), and the number (2 pieces) were kept constant. After the jet grout columns were completed, significant differences were observed in the diameter top-up made and removed from the ground. In addition, core samples were taken from the columns in a ratio of one to two and free pressure experiments were conducted. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that the strength of the column increases as the time to receive pyresis increases
In tunneling work assessment of risks to be encountered in occupational health and safety and hazard analysis
Tunnel construction stages have been identified primarily in this study which is one of the heaviest and most dangerous part of the construction works. Then the hazards and risks that could be encountered in terms of occupational health and safety were then determined for each of these identified stages. A description of the planned preventive actions to remove the risks has been made. For this purpose a questionnaire was prepared for 35 different fields of activity involved in tunnel constructions stages. These questionnaires were send to 5 different occupational health and safety expert to identify risk preventive actions and hazards using binary comparison according to their importance level. This study is carried out in Bahçe-Nurdağı high speed train project that has 2 tunnels each is 10 kilometers in length. With the studies done in the project, it is aimed to determine the order of precedence according to the importance level of the hazards, risk preventive actions detected in tunnel construction stages. Throughout the result of this study awareness about the type and level of risks and hazards in tunnel works has increased. Therefore, risk of death and injury may be minimized and thus tunnel works can be completed at desired time and conditions.
Rock-fall types and its simulation using blender software
Blender is a software used in the film and computer games industries to realistically animate a physical system and produce 2D or 3D animation films. In this paper it is shown that media can be faithfully modeled using a rigid body physics, Rock falling and soil sliding are issues confusing the designers in selecting the alternative roots of roads due to miss availability of exact predicts. The animation program is used to simulate a rock fall model and analyze it by statistical program to evaluate the results and finding the rate of confidence between them. Two types of materials (Wood and Steel) in Cubic shape and spherical shape were tested in the laboratory as two parameters on fixed side slope made of wood, which it has one stage in the mid-distance the motion of materials detected by Physic Tracker Software. Results showed that Blender as computer software is perfect for this purpose and there is a relation of (R2=0.999) between the parameters. This will help the designers and the geotechnical problems in predicting and considering the best solutions before and even during the construction process.