Theses supervised by Uğur Atikol
14 theses · Eastern Mediterranean University
Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of a Solar Organic Rankine Cycle with Triple Effect Absorption System
As the population increases, the energy demand increases and this requires to develop new and alternative technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal for meeting the demands. There was a significant increase in the study of multi-generation energy systems in the last decades, in order to decrease consumption of non-renewable energy sources and optimize more viable and economical energy production. A multi-generation system is a process used to produce three or more different outputs, such as hydrogen, electricity, cooling, hot water, heating, fresh air and water with the same input energy sources. In this thesis, a new multi-generation energy system is proposed based on solar energy. Solar energy is applied by feeding an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) which is then used to supply hot water to the buildings as well as electric current to the electrolyser with the aim of production hydrogen and also using in the building. A triple effect absorption system is utilized to produce cooling, heating, and dry air. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis is defined, and the effects of various operating conditions and configurations on the output are analyzed. The results show that the system has an exergetic utilization factor of 0.6 and an energetic utilization factor of 2.61 based on generating electricity of 427kW. Also the energetic and exergetic COP of absorption chiller are determined to be 1.16 and 0.24, respectively. In the proposed system, the energetic and exergetic efficiency of Organic Rankine Cycle are 21.08% and 33.98, respectively. The extracted numbers from the system analysis in comparison with previous studies, validate the system performance under the defined initial parameters. So by analyzing the obtained results, it has become a necessity to decrease the system’s irreversibility and increase the energy and exergy efficiencies to reach a high efficient system. All modeling and thermodynamic analysis have been done by Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Keywords: Absorption System, Multi-generation System, Energy, Exergy, Efficiency
Intelligent Control Strategies for Peak Load Management of Domestic Consumers in Developing Nations
The constantly rising demand for electricity in the residential sector can cause blackout problems unless the demand is met. Many demand response programs are discussed in the existing literature, in which the peak load of houses is shifted by managing the time of use of appliances. In these programs, data exchange between supply and demand is required, and achieved by the integration between these programs and smart grid systems. However, in many developing nations conventional electric grids are still used where there is no data exchange. In the present research, intelligent control strategies are proposed to reshape domestic power demand profiles without requiring the grid to be “smart”. Two case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies in reducing and shifting the peak demand to off-peak times. In the first case study, a control strategy is developed in which the operating frequency of domestic water pumps is reduced during peak hours. It is shown that the controller reduces the operating frequency of domestic pumps by 90% during peak hours while increasing their work during off-peak times by 55%. At the same time, the controller does not let the water level drop below 30% of the storage tank’s maximum capacity, thereby maintaining an acceptable inside-house water supply pressure that ensures the end-users’ water usage comfort. The controller is validated against a MPC controller that reduces the domestic pump operating frequency by 100% but it permits the water level to drop to a critical level that reduces the inside-house water supply pressure. In the second case study, a fuzzy logic control strategy that operates six home appliances is developed, such that the overall consumption peak current is not exceeded. Additionally, a regional fuzzy controller is used to monitor the overall current consumption of the neighbourhood, helping to control the operation of the fuzzy controllers inside the houses and prevent a regional current consumption overload. The simulations reveals that the fuzzy control strategy shifts 43% of the load from peak hours to other hours while at the same time the occupants’ electric usage comfort is preserved. Cost analysis is conducted to compare the economic feasibility of these control strategies against purchasing new peak diesel generators. If the utility company were to promote the new controllers for pumps in 25,000 houses for free, the utility could avoid investing an extra 773,500US$ for a peak generation of capacity of 2.85MW. On the other hand, the investment avoided by the fuzzy control strategy is approximately 5,000US$ in the case of implementing it in 40 houses. The reduction in peak energy consumption would be approximately 63% and in peak load 52kW. In order to estimate the power profiles required in the simulations, a power consumption model is developed. The model is validated against actual measurements of domestic power profiles, and the average percentage error between the model and the measurements is found to be 8%. In addition, the model is constructed in Matlab GUI, in order to generalize it and make it easy to use for non-professional people. A survey is conducted to investigate the effect of some socio-demographic factors on domestic power consumption. The multi-regression results show that domestic power consumption is significantly affected by family income and the surface area of homes. Keywords: Load shifting, pumping work, algorithmic control, fuzzy control, random operation modelling, power modelling, socio-demographic factors.
A Dynamic Multi-Agent Based Scheduling for Flexible Flow Line Manufacturing System Accompanied by Dynamic Customer Demand
Nowadays, the manufacturing enterprises endeavor to avoid the risk of losing competition, and strive to respond precisely to the customer demands by improving their flexibility and agility, while maintaining productivity and quality. In this thesis a multi-agent based dynamic scheduling for flexible flow line manufacturing system is presented while considering dynamic customer demand. A case of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) door and window manufacturing company is considered to confirm the design of Multi-Agent System (MAS). A multi-agent dynamic scheduling system is developed based on Prometheus methodologyTM. The Prometheus methodology is employed for specifying, designing, implementing and testing agent oriented software systems in a detailed manner. Moreover, JACK agent platform is used as an implementation platform. Simulation test platform based on existing case study is developed for validation and verification of the proposed MAS. Two scenarios are defined to compare the conventional system with the proposed system. In the first scenario the acceptance rate for both conventional system and multi-agent based dynamic scheduling system is evaluated and compared. In the second scenario the effect of changing number of order is evaluated for both systems. The simulation results show that the proposed multi-agent dynamic scheduling system outperforms (acceptance rate, changing number of order, lead time) the conventional system. Furthermore, it was found that the proposed system performs better in terms of run time. Keywords: Dynamic Scheduling, Multi-Agent System, Prometheus Methodology, JACK, Dynamic Customer Demand
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Multi-Generation Plant Driven by Pine Sawdust as Primary Fuel
The current study is based on a combined heat and power system with multi-objectives, driven by biomass. The system consists of a combustion chamber (CC), a single effect absorption cooling system (SEACS), an air conditioning unit (AC), a reheat steam Rankine cycle (RSRC), an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and an electrolyzer. The purpose of this system is to produce hydrogen, electricity, heat, cooling, and air conditioning. All the simulations had been performed by Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Pine sawdust is the selected biofuel for the combustion process. The overall utilization factor (εen) and exergetic efficiency (ψex) were calculated to be 2.096 and 24.03% respectively. The performed renewable and environmental impact analysis indicated a sustainability index of 1.316 (SI), and a specific CO2 emission of 353.8 kg/MWh. The parametric study is conducted based on the variation of ambient (sink) temperature, biofuel mass flow rate, and boilers outlet temperatures. The parametric simulation showed that the increase in biofuel mass flow rate has a positive effect on the sustainability of the system. It is noticed that by increasing the biofuel mass flow rate from 0.123 kg/s to 0.22 kg/s, the sustainability index rises from 1.309 to 1.542. However, any increase in boilers outlet temperature and sink temperature, result in a decrease of sustainability index. Keywords: biomass, exergy assessment, multi-objective plant, CO2 emission, irreversibility.
Utility Demand-side Management for Solar Thermal Technology Transfer to Countries Subsidizing Electricity
Oil producing countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have a common policy of offering higher energy subsidies compared to other countries. MENA countries depend on fossil fuels to meet their domestic energy needs. Supplying electricity to meet the demand in these countries requires a huge subsidy, placing an extensive burden on the available financial resources. Although solar thermal technologies have been generally proven to be economically feasible in many countries with abundant solar energy, MENA countries have yet to adopt these technologies to meet their energy needs. This is attributed to the low cost of electricity owing to higher subsidies, which have made it difficult for renewable technologies to penetrate these markets. Although previous research and international organizations have recommended the removal of energy subsidies as an approach to addressing the budget deficit crisis, these recommendations did not offer realistic solutions because the resources used for generating electricity are national resources, of which the people feel that they deserve to have a share. In the present study, demand-side management (DSM) programs promoting solar thermal technologies are proposed to overcome this problem. The methodology targets replacing electricity use with that of solar energy, reducing not only the electricity demand and the required subsidies but also the emissions of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases. Two case studies were conducted for the province of Erbil, (Kurdistan Region, Iraq) to develop the methodology. First, the economic feasibility of promoting solar water heaters (SWHs) by DSM was investigated. An estimated investment of US$90 million was required. The net present value (NPV) of installing the SWHs as part of a DSM program was US$776.6 million for a life cycle of 10 years. The program would have the advantage of reducing electricity sales (which are greatly subsidized) for preparing domestic hot water in 100,000 houses. Second, the benefits of replacing standard air conditioners with solar-assisted air conditioners through DSM were assessed for 100,000 offices, costing the utility US$80 million. It was found that a capacity requirement at an estimated cost of US$138 million would be avoided for at least 10 years. Furthermore, the program would help reduce consumer annual energy consumption by approximately 37%, thus removing the need for subsidies. It would be appropriate to differentiate between the two categories of countries in the MENA region, i.e., oil exporting countries and developing oil-producing countries. There would be differences in the DSM approach promoting solar thermal technologies between these two categories of countries as oil exporting countries have stronger financial reserves compared to developing oil-producing countries. Developing oil-producing countries, owing to a fiscal deficit and typically low quality power systems, face challenges in developing their infrastructure as well as meeting the high pre-tax subsidy. The proposed approach would have better implementation potential in developing oil-producing countries as it would facilitate deferral of the construction of new power plants and associated infrastructure; simultaneously, the electricity sales would be reduced significantly.
Simulation and Economic Analysis of Parabolic Trough Solar Assisted Single Effect Absorption Chiller for Famagusta, Cyprus
This research contemplates on the valuable utilization of solar based energy intended for a restricted region in the Mediterranean basin. Especially in Mediterranean section with high solar gains and high cooling demands, solar cooling will become more and more an alternative to established cooling systems. Solar energy turns out to be progressively well-known and the accessible solar oriented market is explored with the point of selecting and evaluating a pilot locale for a promising solar based application. The system is displayed and assessed in details for the authentic related analysis application. The goal of this study is to access the traces of using underground water temperature instead of the inlet temperature of condenser on the energy outputs of the generator, the condenser and the evaporator, moreover, to investigate the feasibility of a solar single lithium bromide-water absorption cooling system for Famagusta, Cyprus. The system has been intended to supply cooling loads of the office building area of approximately 200 m² for working hours from 9 am to 16 pm, 5 days a week, in all hot weather states of Famagusta. TRNSYS software program has been used to estimate the performance of the system throughout the summer season. The performance calculations indicate that: A 35kW absorption chiller is sufficient to appropriate the 200 m2 office space cooling requirements, Use of 30 m2 parabolic trough collectors will be sufficient to operate the absorption chiller, 22℃ underground water is better to use in condenser and absorber instead of cooling tower water, which is commonly used in industries that provides a minimum sink temperature of 32℃, COP of the system is obtained as 0.672 for 22℃ of the condenser inlet temperature of underground water. Keywords: solar absorption cooling system, parabolic trough solar collector, Cyprus climate conditions, life cycle cost analysis
Economic Feasibility of 1kW Micro-ScaleWind Turbines for North Cyprus
Electricity generation with fossil fuels is considered as one of the most significant means of carbon dioxide emission which has a major impact in the world climate changes. Nowadays, the renewable energy resources are desirable, since they are environmentally friendly and have low emissions in comparison to traditional resources of energy. In recent years, wind energy conversion units have been the fastest growing renewable energy technology all around the world. The present work is concerned with the economic feasibility of micro-scale wind turbines. In this study life cycle cost analysis is applied for different 1- kW capacity models under different wind speeds in North Cyprus condition. Poor selection of turbine may lead to an economically suboptimal investment. Six micro-scale wind turbines studied were Aeolos- H, Aeolos- V, Maglev CXF- V, Zonhan- H, Senwei- V and Airforce1- H. For feasibility it is required that the net present value should be positive or in other words the savings-to-investment ratio should be greater than 1. The results show that SW-1kW, ZH-1kW and Aeolos-H demonstrated feasibility at 5 m/s, 7 m/s and 9 m/s wind speeds respectively in scenario A which includes feed in tariff of 0.07 USD. In scenario B, which does not employ any feed in tariff, SW-1 kW and ZH-1 kW are found to be feasible at average wind speeds of 6 m/s and 8 m/s respectively. Keywords: Wind energy, Renewable energy, Micro-scale wind turbine, Economic feasibility, Life cycle cost analysis, North Cyprus
Economic Feasibility of Small - Scale Organic Rankine Cycle Driven by Solar Energy and Biomass
The current thesis provides energy and economic analyses for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants driven by solar and bioenergy. The system comprises of an ORC power unit, an auxiliary gas heater with evacuated tube collectors or biomass-fired boiler. Electric power capacity range tested is between 35 kW and 110 kW. An optimisation process was conducted using SAM software to determine the optimal size of the solar ORC components. The result showed that the optimal size of the evacuated tube collector area, tilt angle, storage tank volume and the energy needed from the auxiliary unit for 35 kW system are 100 m2, 45°, 4 m3 and 1636 kWh/year respectively. The simulation result of the solar part shows that the temperature of the hot water never falls below 100 °C which is above the temperature determined by the ORC manufacturer to get the maximum power. Also, the solar fraction of the solar water heating is calculated to be 0.98. The proposed system of biomass-fired ORC power plant assumes that the hot water goes directly to the ORC evaporator. The biomass boiler size determined based on manufacturers information to match the operating temperature. The economic calculation results showed that solar ORC power plant is economically feasible while Biomass is not feasible under same operating conditions. Saving to Investment Ratio (SIR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Simple Payback Period (SPP) and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for 35 kW ORC power plants are 1.3, 9%, 5.9 years and 0.12 $/kWh respectively for solar ORC, and those values increase as the power capacity increase. For 35 kW biomass-fired ORC power plant the values are 0.9, 0%, 6.4 years and 0.19 $/kWh respectively and becomes slightly high for higher capacities. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis results showed that Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) Power plant is not feasible when the operation hours become less than 5000 hours and the system becomes more feasible as the power plant capacity increase while the biomass-fired ORC becomes feasible when the capacity is more than 40 kW.
Ground Water-Source Heat Pump
Nowadays, most issues are associated with the growth of population and an increase in energy needs is no exception. Therefore, one of the ways to solve this problem is use of technologies based on renewable energy sources. In this thesis, the effectiveness of the ground water-source heat pump (GWHP) is being analyzed in Famagusta conditions. Famagusta has been chosen because it has potential for renewable energy sources such as groundwater with a practically constant temperature throughout the year and solar energy, which can be used to generate electricity by photovoltaic panels for the needs of the heat pump. N Y software is used to simulate the process. he temperature of ground water was fixed at C. In order to gather information a out ground water-source heat pump benefits, a comparison with an air-source heat pump was conducted. The results show that the GWHP had a better COP both in summer and winter by 63% and 214% respectively. In winter the COP of GWHP reaches a value of 5.6, however in Summer this value is approximately 3. In addition, cost-benefits evaluation indicated that GWHP has profitable benefits and that the system is economically feasible. Keywords: Heat pump, GWHP, ASHP, TRNSYS, Famagusta
Feasibility Analysis of 5, 8 and 10 kW Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems in Saudi Arabia
In Recent years, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have shown interest in introducing renewable technologies at a larger scale. Residential sector consumes about 50% of the country’s total electricity production. Therefore, introducing PV technology in residential sector could aid the country to tackle its fast growing power demand, and carbon emission problem. The present study, examines the financial viability of Grid-Connected Residential Photovoltaic (GCPV) systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Economic assessment have been carried for several grid-connected PV capacity. We analyze the potential energy generation and cost effectiveness for hypothetical 5, 8, and 10 kWh PV sizes under several financial scenarios. Renewable Energy Project Analysis Software (RETScreen) has been employed to evaluate the PV models. The results show that, residential PV system is infeasible at the current electricity tariff. It has been estimated that electricity tariff has to increase at least by 750%, or by 350% (with 50% of the capital investment provided by government as incentive) for GCPV to be cost effective. However, providing feed in tariff at a rate of 100$/MWh for GCPV owners seems more financially attractive. In addition, installing 5, 8, and 10 kW PV capacity could avoid 6, 10, and 12 tons of CO2, from being released to the atmosphere, respectively. In general, several economic, political and social issues need to be resolved, in order to create a successful market for PV technology in KSA. Keywords: Photovoltaic system, Feasibility analysis, RETScreen software
Applications of Absorption Heat Transformers in Desalination, Cogeneration and the Use of Alternative Working Pairs
In recent years considerable attention has been given to reduce the use of fossil fuels for heating and cooling applications. Large amounts of thermal energy at low temperatures from the process industries are released into the atmosphere, which causes thermal pollution. The Absorption Heat Transformer (AHT), being principally heat operated, is a useful tool to upgrade this low temperature rejected heat to the required heat energy at higher temperatures for useful applications. The desalination of seawater is one of such applications, which requires heat input at higher temperatures. Therefore, integrating the AHT and the desalination system for the aim of seawater desalination can significantly contribute to improve energy utilization and also the energy conservation. This thesis presents theoretical investigations on AHT based desalination systems. Alternative configurations of AHT systems using LiBr/H2O as the working fluid and integrated with a water purification system are analyzed and optimized thermodynamically. First, the waste heat from a textile factory is utilized to run the AHT systems and the generated high temperature heat is employed for the purpose of desalination. A computer program is developed in the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) to investigate the effects of different parameters on four different configurations of AHT and the desalination system. It is shown that applying different modifications can increase the coefficient of performance (COP) of the AHT and consequently the productivity of the desalination system. The maximum flow rate of the distilled pure water reaches 0.2435 kg/s when waste heat from the condenser is utilized by the evaporator. The risk of crystallization of LiBr is lowered in the modified configurations. In the subsequent section of the study the waste heat from a novel cogeneration cycle based on the recompression supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle is utilized to produce power through a transcritical CO2 power cycle and pure water by means of distillation process. Alternative configurations of AHT systems are employed to upgrade the lower temperature waste heat in order to run desalination system. It was found that in the best configuration, both the energy and exergy efficiencies are about 5.5–26% and 9.97-10.2% higher. The thermodynamic performance of the absorption chiller using (H2O+LiCl) as the working pair was simulated and compared with the absorption chiller using (H2O+LiBr). The effects of evaporation temperature on the performance coefficient, COP, generation temperature, concentration of strong solution and flow rate ratio were also analyzed. The results showed that the coefficient of performance of the absorption chiller, using (H2O+LiBr) at the optimum conditions, was around 1.5–2% higher than that of (H2O + LiCl). Keywords: Absorption Heat transformer, absorption chiller, Alternative configurations, Desalination, LiBr+H20, crystallization
A Comparative Analysis of Solar Parabolic Dish Driven Recompression S-CO2 Brayton Cycles with and without Reheat
The current study presents a thermodynamic comparison between two different supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycles integrated with parabolic dish solar system. Recompression S-CO2 Brayton cycles with reheat and without reheat are examined for their net power output, cycle efficiencies as well as integrated system efficiencies. The analyses are conducted by developing a comprehensive mathematical code in Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Parabolic dish system is assessed and optimized on the basis of yearly available data and by using the optimization results, a thorough comparative study based on thermal efficiencies, integrated system efficiencies and work output is carried out. The system comprises of indirect heated Brayton cycle in which fresh water is utilized as a heat transfer fluid in solar collector, whereas, Brayton cycle comprised of S-CO2. The dish system is designed by taking the average annual direct normal irradiance (DNI) 1000 W/m2 approximately and such system is effective for southern part of Pakistan, Cyprus and Spain and many other countries where sun shines almost nine to eleven hours daily and DNI varies from 700 to 1000 W/m2 The outcomes of the research state that the recompression with reheat S-CO2 Brayton cycle has achieved thermal efficiency almost 47.70%, while the other system has nearly 45.02%. The recompression with reheat cycle has an overall energy efficiency of almost 30.37 % however the recompression without reheat system has almost 27.5%. Furthermore, second law integrated efficiency of recompression without reheat system is almost 29.6%, whereas, reheating system has 32.7% overall exergetic efficiency. Reheating has improved efficiency almost 10.5 %. The effect of increase iv in minimum cycle temperature is positive for reheat system and the efficiency tends to be reduced due to the increase in main compressor work for without reheat system. Moreover, the effect of rise in pressure ratio on integrated system performance is similar to that of minimum cycle temperature influence. Exergy destruction rate of collector receiver is approximately 40% which reduces with increase in the inlet temperature of the compressor, whereas, recuperators and pre cooler has more exergy losses than other components. Keywords: Parabolic dish system, S-CO2, Brayton cycle, Energy and Exergy efficiency, Pressure ratio, Net power output, minimum cycle temperature
Energy and Economic Analyses of Natural Gas Heating Systems
An immense amount of the energy consumed in residential buildings is used for heating purposes to ensure the thermal comfort of human beings. The daily average outdoor air temperature plays an important role in determining energy use for heating. Therefore, the climatic conditions in different regions considerably affect the energy needs for heating, and accordingly, fuel consumption. The method used during this study is heating degree-day (HDD) approach, which has been utilized in many buildings for energy analysis. Before calculating the HDD values, the total heat loss of a house on the ground floor of an insulated five-storey residential building was determined. This information was used toward this study’s main aim, to investigate the yearly heating energy requirements and fuel consumption for natural gas and air-source heat pump heating systems with the utilization of single, double, and triple-glazed windows. All calculations were carried out with different base temperatures to calculate HDD values at the İzmit/Kocaeli Meteorology Station in Turkey, so that the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from these heating systems could be identified. Ultimately, heating systems were compared in terms of economic feasibility utilizing the life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) method. Based on HDD values with a 15oC base temperature, yearly fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for natural gas heating were estimated to be approximately 15180, 13225, 11998 kWh, and 3552, 3095, 2808 kg CO2 for single, double, and triple-glazed windows, respectively. Furthermore, yearly primary fuel consumptions and carbon dioxide emissions for a heat pump were estimated to be 3441, 2998, 2720 kWh, and 1218, 1061, 963 kg CO2 per year for single, double, and triple-glazed windows, respectively. Considering the installation cost of a heat pump of 13,500 ₺, it was predicted for a newly built house that the savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) would be 1.5. For an existing house with installed natural gas heating system, upgrading to heat pump system could not be feasible. Additionally, economic feasibility indicators, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and simple payback (years) were estimated by using LCCA method. Keywords: Energy analysis, heating degree-day, heating energy requirement, fuel consumption, carbon emission, economic analysis, Turkey.
Experimental Analysis of a Hybrid Thermal Storage Wall – Water Heating System
The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the thermal storage wall (TSW) of the Solar Energy Research, Inspection and Training (SolERIT) laboratory in the Eastern Mediterranean University. The laboratory building has a floor area of 10 m2 and the walls are not insulated. The façade of TSW facing to south has an area of 8.037m2. An array of piping was fastened on the outer surface of the TSW to form a solar collector for heating water that can be used in heating applications of the rooms normally located in the northern parts of the buildings. Recording of solar radiation and temperatures of the ambient, TSW and water flow through the pipes were conducted during selected days of March 2015. It was found that the temperature and solar radiation variations during the day influence the performance of the TSW. TSW performed well specially on sunny days with 9-15 ᵒC temperature drops at nights. Cyprus is a suitable area for taking advantage of TSW during winter. The results of experiments showed that with the TSW under test the lowest room temperature in the coldest day (i.e. 12th March) was 17 ᵒC while the ambient temperature was 7 ᵒC. It was observed that the water pipes fixed on TSW surface played an important role on the efficiency of hybrid TSW – water heating system and low-grade heat could be accumulated in a tank for utilizing in other heating applications.Öz:Gün boyunca sıcaklık ve güneş radyasyonu varyasyonları termal depolama duvarının performansını etkileyebilir. Isıl depolama duvarının (IDD) güneşli iklimlerde ve günlük sıcaklık dalgalanmalarında olumlu bir performans göstermesi bekleniyor. Kıbrıs, kışın IDD’nin avantajlarından yararlanmak için uygun bir bölgede yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi Güneş Enerjisi Araştırma, Denetleme ve Eğitim (SolERIT) Laboratuvarında bulunan IDD’nin performansını değerlendirmektir. Laboratuvar binası, 10 m2 taban alanına sahip ve duvarlar izolasyonlu değildir. IDD’nin güneye bakan cephesi 8.037m2 bir alana sahiptir. güneş kolektörü oluşturmak için boru dizisi IDD’nin dış yüzeyinde tespit edildi. Bu sistem suyu ısıtmada kullanılabilir ve odaların ısıtma uygulamalarında normalde binaların kuzey bölgelerine monte edilir. Güneşin ışınımı ve IDD ile kollektöre su giriş çıkışı sıcaklıkları Mart 2015’in seçilen günlerinde kayıt altına alınmıştır. Deneylerin sonuçları, 8,073 m2 alana sahip bir IDD’nın en soğuk günde (12 Mart), ortam sıcaklığının 7 ᵒC olduğu bir sırada oda sıcaklığı 17 ᵒC olarak ölçülmüştür. IDD yüzeyinin üzerine sabitlenen su boruları IDD ve su ısıtma sistemlerinin perfomansinda çok önemli rolü vardır ve tankın içersinde toplanan düşük derecedeki ısı miktarları diğer ısıtma sistemlerinde kullanılabilir.