Construction industry
54 theses under this subject heading
Türk inşaat sektörü çalışanlarının kişilik özelliklerinin, örgütsel bağlılık ve iş tatmini ile ilişkisi
Bu tez çalışmasında, Türk inşaat sektörü çalışanlarının iş tatmini ve örgütsel bağlılıklarının araştırılması amacıyla kamu ve özel sektörde çalışan mimar ve inşaat mühendislerine anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Mimar ve inşaat mühendislerinin kişilik özellikleri, iş tatmini, mesleğe bağlılık ve örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve bu değişkenlerin sosyo-demografik değişkenler ve birbirileri ile olan ilişkileri sorgulanmıştır. Literatür bulgularına dayandırılarak oluşturulan model Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi yöntemi ile test edilmiş; kişilik ve mesleğe bağlılığın örgütsel bağlılığı iş tatmini aracılığı ile etkilediği belirlenmiş; Türk inşaat sektörü çalışanlarının örgütsel bağlılıklarını arttırmak için çalışanların iş tatminlerini arttırmaya yönelik politikaların benimsenmesi ve motive edici stratejiler geliştirilirken, çalışanın demografik ve kişilik özellikleri ile bir bütün olarak düşünülmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Yüksekte çalışma eğitimlerinde kullanılacak platform tasarımı ve imalatı
Çalışma kapsamında, ülkemizde iş kazalarının çok sayıda gerçekleştiği yüksekten düşmelere karşı bir eğitim materyali olabilecek bir platformun tasarlanması amaçlanmıştır. 6331 sayılı İSG kanunu çerçevesinde yüksekte çalışmayı da da içine alan konularda çalışanların korunması açısından işverenlere birçok sorumluluk yüklenmiştir. Bu sorumluluklar içerisinde ISO 45001'in temel prensiplerinden olan eğitim ve katılım yüksekten düşmelerin önlenebilmesi içi proaktif önlemler çerçevesinde uygulanma potansiyeline sahip önemli faaliyetlerdir. İnşaat sektöründeki hareketlilikle de ilgili olarak, yüksekten düşerek yaralanma ya da ölüm riski sürekli göz önünde tutulması gereken bir olgudur. Yüksekten düşmenin önlenmesine yönelik olarak alınacak tedbirler farklı işyerleri için farklı içeriklere sahip olabilir. Tez çalışması kapsamında, uygun yapıda bir konstrüktif yapının yüksekte çalışma uygulamalarında kullanımına yönelik modifikasyonlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yüksekte çalışma unsurlarıyla donatılan platfrorm üzerinde denemeler başarılı şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bina inşaatında çalışan işçilerde bel ağrısının değerlendirilmesi
Bu kesitsel çalışmanın amacı bir inşaat şirketinde çalışan işçilerde bel ağrısı prevalansının (yaşam boyu, yıllık, aylık, nokta) incelenmesi ve bel ağrısını etkileyen risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesidir.Araştırmanın evreni bir inşaat şirketinde çalışan 347 işçidir. İnşaat işçilerinde bel ağrısını değerlendirmek için kişisel bilgileri ve iş öyküsünü, bel ağrısı risk faktörleri günlük yaşam aktivitelerini sorgulayan Oswestry skalasını içeren anket formu Ağustos -Eylül 2009 tarihleri arasında yüz yüze görüşülerek uygulanmıştır. Tüm işçilere bel ağrısından korunmayı içeren eğitim verilmiştir ve eğitim öncesi son 6 ayda işe başlayan 21 işçiye bel ağrısıyla ilgili bilgilerini ölçen anket formu yanıtlatılmış ve 1 ay sonra aynı anket formunu tekrar yanıtlayarak eğitimin etkinliliği değerlendirilmiştir.Bu çalışmada bel ağrısının yaşam boyu, yıllık, aylık ve nokta prevelansları sırasıyla %53.6, %33.4, %15.3, %14.4 olarak bulunmuştur. İş memnuniyeti, iş monotonluğu, ağırlık taşıma ve kaldırma, dönerek ve öne eğilerek ağırlık kaldırma yada taşıma risk faktörü olarak belirlenmiştir. Bel ağrısı olan inşaat işçilerinde oswestry puanının ve ağrı skalalarının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Eğitim sonrası bilgi puanı eğitim öncesi bilgi puanından daha fazla ve aralarındaki farklılık anlamlı bulunmuştur.İnşaat işçilerinin kişisel ve mesleki risk faktörleri açısından bilgilendirilmesi, işe girişte bel ağrısını önlemeye yönelik eğitimlerin verilmesi, işgücü kaybına ve maliyete neden olan bel ağrısı prevelansının azaltılabileceği düşünülmektedir.Anahtar kelimeler: Bel ağrısı, İnşaat işçileri, Oswestry skalası, İş Sağlığı.
Malzeme akış maliyet muhasebesi ve iş ve inşaat makineleri sektörü üzerine bir uygulama
İşletmelerin kâr ve değer maksimizasyon hedefleriyle hareket etmesi sonucu çevresine birtakım etkileri söz konusudur. Çevresel performans ve sürdürülebilirlik çerçevesinde de artık işletmelerin faaliyetlerinin çevreye olan etkilerini de dikkate alması gerekir. Bu nedenle finansal performansla birlikte çevresel performanslarını da faaliyetlerinin tasarlanmasında dikkate almaları gerekir. Bu tez kapsamında da işletmelerin her iki performansının birlikte artırmanın mümkün olup olmadığı sorusuna cevap aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Uluslararası Standartlar Örgütü (International Organization for Standardization-ISO) tarafından ilk olarak 2008 yılında yayınlanan ISO 14051 Malzeme Akış Maliyet Muhasebesi (Material Flow Cost Accounting) standardı yukarıda belirtilen araştırma sorusuna bir yanıt niteliğindedir. Bu yöntemin uygulama çalışmalarının sonuçları ilk olarak, ikinci bölümde örnekleri verilen, Japonya Ekonomi, Ticaret ve Sanayi Bakanlığı tarafından 2011 yılında yayınlanan rapor ile paylaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ile akademinin de ilgisini çekerek yapılan yayınlar gün geçtikçe artmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarda işletmelerin yapacağı çevre dostu yatırımlarla atıklarının azaltılacağı ve verimli üretim çıktılarının artacağı ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu sonucu destekleyecek biçimde tezin son bölümünde KOBİ olarak faaliyetlerine iş ve inşaat makineleri sektöründe devam eden bir işletme seçilerek Malzeme Akış Maliyet Muhasebesi (MAMM) yöntemi işletmenin ürettiği Tiger Drill makinesinin üretim süreçlerine uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda işletmenin bu makineyi üretmek için üretim süreçlerine dâhil ettiği girdilerin %48,3'lük kısmının ürün olmayan çıktı olarak sistemi terk ettiği tespit edilmiştir. MAMM yöntemine göre bu çıktı atık ve emisyon olarak sistemi terk etmektedir. Bir makinenin üretiminde yapılan maliyetlerin yarısına yakınının bu şekilde negatif ürüne dönüşmesinin raporlanması yöneticilerin dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu raporlamada geleneksel maliyet muhasebesi raporlamasından farklı olarak bu maliyetler, malzeme kayıp maliyeti olarak ayrı şekilde sınıflandırılmıştır. Yöneticilerin bu raporu gördükten sonra bu kayıp oranının azaltılmasına yönelik yapacakları çalışmalar sonucu hem maliyetler azalacaktır hem de ortaya çıkan atık ve emisyonlar azalacağı için çevreye olan olumsuz etki de azalacaktır. Sonuç olarak işletmenin ekonomik performansı artacağı gibi çevresel performansı da artmış olacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çevre, Çevresel Performans, Malzeme Akış Dengesi, MAMM
Rekabet avantajı olarak inşaat sektöründe tedarik zinciri
Tedarik zinciri inşaat sektörünün vazgeçilmezi olan süre-kalite-maliyet üçlüsünün uyumlu, bütünleşmiş ve yüksek performanslı olmasını sağlamaktadır. Şirketlerin rekabet üstünlüklerini sağlamak için müşteriye daha ucuz ve daha kaliteli ürün sunarak müşteri hizmet seviyelerini en üstlere çıkarma çabalarından dolayı tedarik zinciri yönetimi önemli bir yere sahiptir. Şirketlerin tedarik zinciri ne kadar etkin ise, rekabet gücü de o kadar artmaktadır. Bu rekabet gücü de şirketlerin artan müşteri beklentilerinin karşılanabilmesini sağlayacaktır. Yapılan bu çalışmada; tedarik zincirinin yapısı, üretim ve inşaat sektöründe nasıl kullanıldığı irdelenmiştir. Tedarik zincirin inşaat sektöründe uygulandığını gösteren bir model oluşturularak iyi bir proje yönetiminin sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tedarik zinciri ve yönetimi inşaat şirketlerine rekabet üstünlüğü sağlayacak ve sektördeki firmalara yardımcı olacaktır.
Konut inşaatlarında kullanılan yapı malzemelerinin kimyası ve iş sağlığı vegüvenliği açısından değerlendirilmesi
Doğası gereği insanlar, çevrelerindeki malzemeleri kullanarak barınak oluşturma eğilimindedir. Kentlerde toplum, sanayi ve teknolojinin gelişmesi, çeşitli istihdam olanakları ve ekonomik başarısızlığın ortaya çıkması ile köylerden kentlere göç eden bir toplum, belirli kriterler gözetmeksizin tasarladıkları mekânlarla kendi sağlıklarını ve çevrelerini tehdit etmektedir. Yaşamlarının önemli bir bölümünü kapalı ortamlarda sürdüren insanlar, farklı farklı hava kirleticileri, iç mekândaki yaşam standartlarının yetersiz olması, mekânın insanların sosyolojik, biyolojik ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlarına karşılık vermemesi nedeniyle birçok hastalıklara yatkındır. İnsanların zamanlarının %90'ını geçirdiği iç mekân hava kirliliğinin dış mekânlara göre daha yüksek olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. İç ortam hava kirleticileri alerjiye, astıma, kansere ve hatta ölüme neden olur. Bir yapıdaki istenmeyen durumların önüne geçmek için yapının tasarımından başlayarak bazı önlemler alınmalıdır. Yapıyı kullanacak olan bireylerin tasarımın her adımında yer alması, yapı biyolojisi konsepti ile proje hazırlanmasına ve sağlıklı yapılar oluşturulmasına büyük katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu konsept ile insan, bina ve çevre arasında ilişki kurarak, çevresel etkisi en düşük olan projeler oluşturmak mümkündür. Bina biyolojisi kavramı, insan sağlığına uygun yaşam koşulları sağlamak için ideal iç hava kalitesi, nem, aydınlatma, gürültü, elektro-iklimsel konfor, radyasyon ve ısıyı araştırır. Yapı kimyası kavramının doğru uygulanması, kullanıcı için tüm ideal yaşam koşullarının uygulanmasıyla mümkündür. Bu tezin amacı, daha iyi bir yaşam sürmek için konut inşaatlarında yapı kimyası çerçevesinde nelere dikkat edilmesi gerektiğini açıklamak, inşaatta kullanılan malzeme seçiminde dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalara dikkat çekmek, iç mekânlardaki yanlışlıkları ortadan kaldırmak için uygulanan kimyasal yapı analizi kavramını açıklamaktır. Çevre kirliliği ve sağlıklı bina tasarımında malzeme kavramını açıklamak, seçim kriterlerini değerlendirmek ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından incelemektir. Anahtar kelimeler: Yapı kimyası, yapı, iş sağlığı, iş güvenliği, malzeme
Çok boyutlu liderlik teorisinin Türk inşaat sektöründe uygulanabilirliği
İnşaat sektöründe gerçekleşen büyümenin bir sonucu olarak, işletmelerin rakiplerinin önüne geçme arzusu artmakta ve yönetsel yetkinlikler önem kazanmaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak etkin liderlik günümüz işletmelerinin en önemli hedeflerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Liderin başarıdaki önemli rolü nedeniyle, liderlik konusu merak uyamdırmıştır ve literatürde bu konuyu açıklığa kavuşturmaya yönelik teoriler yer almaktadırr. Bu teoriler 4 grupta toplanır, bunlar; özellikler teorisi, davranışsallık teorileri, durumsallık teorileri ve durumsallık sonrası modern teorilerdir. Durumsallık teorileri, liderliğin gerçekleştiği ortam koşullarını belirleyici olarak kabul etmesi ve liderin davranışlarını bu koşullara göre şekillendirmesini temel alması dolayısıyla, kendisinden önce gelen liderlik teorilerinden ayrılır. Bu konseptin inşaat sektörüyle paralellik göstermesinin nedeni, proje bazlı üretim yapılması nedeniyle koşulların değişken olmasıdır. Farklılaşan koşullar, inşaat projesine liderlik edenlerin bu değişken koşullara uyum sağlamasını gerektirir. Çok Boyutlu Liderlik teorisi ise; "liderlik stili" ve "takipçilerin gelişim düzeyi" değişkenlerini esas alan bir durumsallık teorisidir. Görev bazlı liderlik yaklaşımını benimsemesi dolayısıyla bu teorinin, inşaat sektörünün gerektirdikleri ile uyum sağlayacağı fikrinden yola çıkılmıştır. Çünkü inşaat sektörü proje bazlı üretim sebebiyle geçici organizasyonel nitelik taşır ve bununla birlikte alt yüklenicilik uygulamalarının yaygın olması da, sektörde liderlik uygulanmasını zorlaştırır. Ancak görev düzeyinde liderlik geliştirmek yoluyla, inşaat sektörünün proje hakim yapısı içerisinde liderlik modeli uygulanabilir. Bu bağlamda tez çalışmasında ÇBL teorisinin inşaat sektöründe uygulanması konusu literatür çerçevesinde incelenmiş ve uygulanan anket yoluyla Türk inşaat sektöründe ÇBL teorisine uygun liderlik davranışının uygulanabilirliği ölçülmüştür. Bunun için, hazırlanan anket formu yapım alanında faaliyet gösteren inşaat firmalarının her kademeden yöneticilerine uygulanmıştır. Anket katılımcılarına inşaat projesi yapım sürecinin içerdiği bazı durumlar verilmiş ve bu durumlar karşısında nasıl bir liderlik davranışını benimsedikleri nedenleriyle birlikte araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Türk inşaat sektöründe ÇBL teorisine uygun liderlik davranış stilinin uygulanabilir olduğu ve uygulanması halinde elde edilecek avantajlar ve uygulamanın önündeki engeller ortaya koyulmuştur.
Brand Loyalty in the Construction Sector The Case of North Cyprus
“Construction sector occupies an important place in the economy of the TRNC, and parallel to the population growth, the demands for buildings continue to increase” (building construction and parcel statistics, 2009). The figures released by the State Planning Organization (SPO) indicate that Urban building has been increased by 13.4% from 131,619(1997) to 308,405 (2009) floor area (m2). This dramatic expansion will result in appearance of the more construction company and of course the more contracts will be signed among contractor and the customers. The objective of the thesis is to explore the source of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the construction industry and understand how it can influence the brand loyalty to retain value customer and gain repeat business and to measure the brand loyalty influences. For this purpose a conceptual model were designed and be tested empirically by using structural equation modeling. Dimensions will be determined which can be significant predictors of overall home-buying satisfaction. In the field of construction, brand loyalty can be defined by having more contracts by the mean of loyal customer with the contractor. For this reason 14 hypotheses were defined and their relationships were tested on the sample of 101 respondents. The results provide empirical support and positive relationship for 10 of 14 hypothesis examined. Keywords: Construction industry, brand loyalty, customer satisfaction.
Effects of Some Stakeholders on the Briefing Design Stage in Construction Projects
In the construction industry, one of the risk areas is lack of planning and management on the project budget, project time, and the project scope in the briefing design stages of the construction project between the stakeholders. The briefing stages of the design project is divided into three parts; identification of the project, aim and content of the project, and design and performance of the project. In these parts, determination of possible risks and problems between client and design team plays a very important role in achieving the construction project design. This research focuses on the determination of the potential risks between design team members (who takes the lead on the construction project design e.g architects and engineers) and clients (any person for whom construction work is performed). Also this research provides an instructing expert system to increase both the safety of clients and achieving the design team activity by sticking to the problems early in the briefing design stage. Keywords: Briefing design stage, Client, Design team, Construction project, Expert system
Health and Safety in Construction Industry of Lebanon
A labourer at a construction site is bound to have certain rights, such as, right to return home safe and sound and to be taught how to maintain his and his colleague’s safety against potential hazards and risks associated with his position. Thus, enforcement of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) standards at workplace is essential to prevent the work accidents and harm to labourers. The essence of the requirements and principles of OHS generally involves showing gratitude and respect towards the employee as a human being since he plays a very important role in achieving economical and communal development. The objective of this study is to investigate the status of OHS and its standards in Lebanon. In order to achieve this objective, three different surveys are prepared with the aim of getting sufficient OHS related information from public, employers and labourers. Construction sites, International Labour Organization, engineering union and construction workers union are visited to investigate the matters relating to OHS through meetings with those in charge. In addition, the laws and by-laws related to the OHS are explored and listed. The gathered information is analyzed to interpret the status of OHS in Lebanon. Finally, recommendations towards establishing and enforcing relevant rules to reduce and/or prevent the number of fatalities and injuries among labourers at construction sites, are presented. Keyword: Occupational health and safety in Lebanon, Lebanon Construction Industry, workers rights, standards, accident prevention.
Rework in Construction Projects and Impact of BIM on Rework Causes
Most projects suffer from construction overruns. Hence, making them strive to improve project performance. Several studies have assessed causes that might lead to overruns in construction; rework has been considered a prime cause of overruns in the construction industry. Thus, one of the goals of this study is identifying causes of the rework in construction projects, having been conducted by a systematic literature review that has identified 31 causes of rework. The 31 causes were identified, refined into 24, and categorized into 5 groups. This study must specify a particular country as a case to study. The Saudi Arabian Construction industry is highly active., this study shall measure the existence and impact of rework on construction projects while being supported by a questionnaire according to the Likert scale ranking. Total of 74 participants returned the questionnaire, after which Cronbach's Alpha reliability test was conducted to ensure validity. Furthermore, the total importance index methodology was adopted to determine the rank of each cause, the ranks of the rework reasons in this study were compared to earlier studies in other nations to demonstrate a variation in prioritization of the rework causes. Finally, this study measured the manageability of rework causes through BIM. A comparative study between those who utilized BIM as an auxiliary tool with those who did not were conducted to evaluate whether BIM adoption decreases the occurrence of rework. The F.I was adopted to rank the rework causes in this comparative study. Based on this study's results, stakeholders in the construction sector should consider the critical causes of rework and plan accordingly in the preliminary stages of the project. Additionally, based on the comparative study of the impact of BIM utilization, Stakeholders in the construction field can decide whether BIM will be practical in mitigating the occurrence of rework.
An Ontological Study on the State of the Turkish Construction Industry and its Implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Due to the inconvenience of old and traditional ways of work in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, Building Information Modeling (BIM) was introduced and is considered as one of the most beneficial and successful developments in the industry since it provides accurate virtual models for digital construction as well as it is best known for reducing mistakes and errors by improving the coordination between various design areas. BIM technology is progressively being implemented in many countries, however there is contrast in the usage and awareness among these countries in which some of them appear to utilize and be aware of such technology more than others. In the case of a country like Turkey, it falls behind other countries like Finland and Canada when it comes to advanced implementation of BIM in construction. For this reason, an ontological study on the state of the Turkish construction industry and its BIM implementation is carried out to investigate the work processes in the industry and to see how frequently BIM is implemented. A quantitative research methodology is adopted in this study to acquire statistical information about the work processes in the Turkish construction industry and its BIM implementation. At the end of this study, BIM implementation in Turkey is found to be limited as it is rarely used by the Turkish construction industry. Moreover, an ontological framework for BIM implementation in Turkey is created which can be used to aid Turkish construction companies in adopting and implementing BIM in a more effective way. Keywords: BIM, Ontological framework, Turkey, Turkish construction industry.
An Investigation on Some Benefits of BIM Application
ABSTRACT: Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a new technology in construction industry. It uses real-time models to increase efficiency and productivity in construction projects. With the help of this technology, projects can be completed on time and within budget. Client satisfaction is increased because the clients know what will be the end product during the design stage. Reworks can also be minimized due to better understanding of project and visualization ability. This thesis is on the efficiency of BIM on project drawings and bill of quantity calculations. One of the BIM software, named Autodesk Revit Architecture and traditional way, AutoCAD were used in this thesis to produce project drawings. An apartment building project was selected to prepare project drawings by using both AutoCAD and Autodesk Revit Architecture and the efficiency of both softwares in terms of the duration of producing project drawings were compared. Also the possibility of preparing more accurate and fast architectural bill of quantities by Autodesk Revit Architecture and Autodesk Quantity Takeoff were compared with manually obtained bill of quantity calculations. In addition, in this study, two surveys were conducted. One of the surveys was an interview related with the advantages and disadvantages of AutoCAD and Autodesk Revit Architecture with four architects who prepared project drawings. The second survey was a questionnaire conducted with twenty construction companies in North Cyprus. The aim of this survey was to determine the extension of duration factors and rework factors during the whole construction project. The conclusions which were developed in this thesis are that BIM should be used in North Cyprus to produce fast project drawings and to obtain more accurate and fast bill of quantities. Changing the demands of clients is one of the most important reasons for both extension of duration and increase of reworks in construction projects. Changing demands can be minimized by using BIM and 3D visualization at the early stages of projects for better understanding of the projects by the clients. So, it contributes to the projects to be finished on time without leading to extra costs for reworks in the construction stage of projects. Keywords: Building Information Modeling, quantity takeoff, rework, on time completion. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Performance Measurement of Construction Projects in Jordanian Construction Industry
The failure of any project is mainly related to the problems of the measurement of performance at the construction site. According to the Jordanian Association of Engineers in 2014, many construction projects failed due the absence of feasible performance measurement. This is because construction projects are often exposed to challenges like cost, time, quality, human resources (i.e., training, workshops), safety and others. The objective of this study is to analyze the performance measurement of construction projects in Jordan. The factors affecting the performance of construction projects will be identified and strategic plans will be proposed as a recommendation. Owners, consultants and contractors were asked to rate the ten (10) key performance indicators. Data collection was conducted via online questionnaire and eighty one respondents participated in the study (n=81)c. In this study, the Correlation analysis, relative importance index and t-test were used to identify the difference in perception among stakeholders. Also, the major aspects influencing the success of projects in the Jordanian construction industry were identified. The results suggest that, the essential factors agreed by the consultant‟s, contractors and owners were: delivery delays due to shortage and lack of raw material, cash flow, and the duration for site preparation, the activities and behaviors of employees at the site. These stake holders (i.e., owners, consultants, and contractors) differ in terms of perception towards the ten performance factors due to their diverse interests and views. The outcome of this study shows that construction firms must have clear and concise strategic plans, which will enable them generate, apply and assess their performance relative to others or previous projects. This study has contributed to our understanding of the current performance challenges in the Jordanian construction industry. Managers can benefit from this study by taking into consideration the factors affecting construction projects in Jordan. Keywords: Jordan, Construction projects, Construction industry, Performance measurement
Construction safety in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT: The health and safety aspect of workers during construction is an important factor as it influences the project directly since the injuries and accidents costs will be high to the project. For this reason, it is important to improve the health and safety conditions in the construction process to avoid the fatal accidents and injuries and to decrease the cost to the project. This study examined the factors which influence the health and safety during construction in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and how to improve its level. A questionnaire survey was administered which consisted of many items related to the main factors in order to evaluate the safety level. The research examined three factors, and evaluated the safety level depending on these three factors which include: management, safety office and the workers. In addition, the research studied the relationship between the size and age of the construction company and the safety level. Hence, it found that the safety in KSA needs improvement in general and there is a relationship between the size and age of the construction company and the safety level, as the level of safety of the old and large companies is higher than the small and new ones. Keywords: Construction, KSA, Occupational Health and Safety, Safety and Health. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Risk management in Nigerian construction industry
ABSTRACT: The major requirement of every construction project is meeting client’s need of cost, quality and time. However, the construction industry is overwhelmed with risks more than any other industry due to the fact that they are present in every activity from design to completion. These risks need to be controlled early or face the possibility of cost overruns, time delays and poor quality work leading to displeasure of client and public. This study assesses the ways of managing the most occurring risk factors and improving risk management practice in Nigerian construction industry. Questionnaire survey was used as the survey method due to distance and logistical reasons. The questionnaire was distributed via email and respondents returned it through the same channel. The study identifies that the main problem of risk management application in Nigeria is knowledge. It was found that the best knowledge that will effectively manage project risks in the country is cost management and quality management. Materials price fluctuation has been identified as the most occurring risk in construction projects in Nigeria though increase in inflation rate has a higher possibility but its major effect is on the price of material which makes it the highest occurring risk factor in Nigeria. The attitude of construction participants is another problem to risk management practice. Keywords: Construction Industry, Knowledge, Nigeria, Risk Management Practice, Risk. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Construction Supply Chain Management Implementation in Libyan Construction Industry
Researchers in construction management field have recently highlighted the importance of adopting the philosophy of supply chain management SCM in construction industry sector. The main driver behind considering this philosophy in construction sector was its remarkable successes within other industry sectors such as manufacture industry sector, wherein it was originally appeared. A construction project supply chain CSCM can be introduced as a systematic network includes material suppliers, manufacturing process, contractors and clients. These parties linking together through a flows of materials, data and cash. Therefore, the quality of communication, collaboration and sharing information between contractor companies, their suppliers and clients, determine the degree of achievement of within supply chain process. This research study presents understanding and analyzing of supply chain management SCM in Libyan construction industry LCI with emphasizing on the importance of relationship among construction supply chain parties including suppliers, contractors and clients along with the effects of SCM implementation on construction performance as well as the significant barriers to CSCM integration in LCI. In this study, the relationship between Libyan construction companies and their supply chain parties (suppliers, contractors and clients) has been investigated by analyzing the importance of the most influential factors affecting the success in supply chain relationship. In addition, Well-known performance indicators were iv examined related to adversarial relationships, adding value and developing reliability and information sharing within construction projects. This study intended to propose a conceptual framework for the implementation of SCM in LCI, for this purpose a questionnaire survey has been designed and distributed among Libyan construction companies randomly selected. A total of 62 responses have been collected for data analysis. Research results reveal that the trust, quality of materials provided and free flow of information among CSCM members impose considerable positive effects on successful relationship between supply chain parties. In addition, the long term and stable relationships are among the most significant factors to improve supply chain process, also inventory and storage considered to be critical functions affecting the efficiency of supply chain organization. Moreover, regarding to adopting SCM in construction performance the results indicates time predictability, effectiveness of communication systems and top management commitment are the most significant factors affecting CSCM performance. However, poor understanding of SCM concept is evaluated among the most significant barriers to integrate SCM conception in LCI. Keywords: Supply chain management, Construction supply chain management, Libya Construction Industry, Framework Model.
Investigation of Delays in Construction Projects: The Case of Jordan-Amman
Delays in the construction could be defined as a delay in project delivery according to the plan presented during the specified time. The issue of development delays is a worldwide marvel, numerous specialists have led a few investigations to discover the fundamental factors and reasons of postpone causes. It is a standard in the development business that accomplishment of the conveyed venture is estimated by; the timetable season of the specific undertakings inside the cost issues and as per the pre-depicted guidelines of required quality. Consequently, it is imperative to recognize and arrange the potential factors that cause delays during the conveyance of the undertaking. As of recently, numerous investigations are closed and a lot more are as yet under advancement to distinguish the variables causing delay in development extends nonetheless, in handy terms, Jordanian development industry experts despite everything experiences absence of mindfulness on the reasons for venture delays henceforth, no successful insurances are thought of. The postponements in development must be decreased if their sources are known. Thusly, this investigation intends to explain the variables that can bring about development time-expansion and discover arrangements of augmentation time issues in the business of development in Jordan. Inside this unique circumstance, thinking about the social and social habits of the business experts, a framework is proposed with the intention of breaking the squares of traditionally adopted project management principles of Jordanian construction industry professionals. In this research, with the help of conducted questionnaire targeting competent authorities and other stakeholders, project delay factors are identified and grouped based on their roots. This study revealed that, the most critical factors that lead can be resulted in delays in Jordan such as; Delay for interim budget of the owner/client to contractors and the difficulties of providing funds into projects by the contractors. Client-related delays, in this study was determined as a serious problem that can result in delay such as; designing issue, and labors related delays. In addition, the period of the project and cost overruns are the typical consequences in time extension. In Jordanian construction companies ignore the causes of delays until they actually occur and unavoidably, when this happens, it becomes too costly to reschedule as wasted time can never be recovered. For this reason, a framework will be created, along with proposing appropriate solutions to these delays to contribute to quick decision-making before or after the occurrence of these delays.
Effects of Innovative Procurement Systems on the Performance of Construction Projects
The purpose of this research is to provide information on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as a construction procurement and delivery method and identify the factors that are affecting IPD success in design and implementation stage. Construction procurement methods helps the clients to obtain qualified construction services.IPD is the only delivery method that involves all participants in project, it is collaborative delivery method that adapts mutual respect and trust between team members, the main priority is reduce waste to bring superior projects to industry. For this research, the data was collected through questionnaires from selected experts within construction industry. The questionnaire is divided into six major categories; cultural and social, managerial and organizational, financial, technological, legal, implementation. All of these categories are elaborately examined one by one and solutions are evaluated to mitigate affecting factors. Finally, managerial issues are important affecting factors for IPD. Conclusions about the future of IPD are presented along with possible future research suggestions in order to develop further understanding of potential IPD applications. Keywords: Procurement systems, Integrated Project Delivery, Construction Industry
3D/4D BIM-Based Hazard Identification, Safety Regulations and Safety Monitoring of Construction Projects in Pre-construction and Construction Phases
Research studies indicate that construction industry is known as one of the most hazardous working around the world. Fatalities and injuries are the sad reality in construction industry and occur on construction site every day. In comparison with different industries, the risk of fatality or injury at work in construction sector is significantly greater than in others. They happen due to lack of safety planning, traditional methods and failure to follow the construction safety rules and regulations during a construction process. In the recent years variety of approaches like Building Information Modeling (BIM) and innovation technologies such as Sensors, Global Position System (GPS), Ultra-Wide band (UWB), Game Technology, Laser Scan, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAS) etc. have been developed to achieve benefits in design-for-safety or safety performance and improve construction safety. A large number of researchers attempt to integrate innovative technologies with safety as an efficient solution to prevent construction fatalities accidents and enhance health and safety in construction industry. The applications of BIM in construction are growing rapidly. The utilization of BIM and visualizations tools can result in promoted safety performance by allowing design team members and managers to visually assess work environment situations and detect hazards situations. By using 3D/4D models, the project team members can communicate more effectively during a safety plan. This study present a framework for Construction Project Progress Safety Monitoring. The framework consists of five stages. During the design stage, this system with the help of 3D software and BIM is capable of identifying potential hazards. In other words, the system make use of the gleaned information to prevent the likely hazards. In control phase, the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) gives possibility of these rule’s monitoring and control. The study indicates that integration of 3D BIM-based models and UAS technology have the potential to improve the identification, implementation and monitoring of field safety and increase the construction projects stakeholders’ safety. In conclusion, this thesis aims to increase health and safety in construction by integrating BIM and innovative technologies from design to implementation. Also this study attempts to prevent accidents before happening to decrease rate of fatalities and injuries in the construction sector. Keywords: Building Information Modeling, Unmanned Aerial System, hazard identification, safety regulation, safety monitoring
Restructured Model of the Project Management Body of Knowledge According to Construction Project Life Cycle
ABSTRACT: The Project Management Institute (PMI) has published the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) in 1996 and has been revising it ever since. This book is a guideline contributing to the management field by defining ten knowledge areas and several processes; later on, an extension has been published to fill the gap of knowledge areas regarding the construction industry’s unique characteristic. Although both of the books are useful, but the sequence of the processes has not been clarified and was left to the project team. In this study, a new model was developed for construction projects using the processes identified by PMBOK with a construction project lifecycle approach. The model includes flowcharts that have the characteristics of the guideline with construction perspective. Hence, the restructured model can be used more effectively in the industry due to it’s characteristics. This model facilitates the use of PMBOK for all the managers in the construction industry by providing a sequential and step by step procedure throughout the whole project lifecycle; clarifying each process inputs origins and outputs destination. Keywords: Construction, Management, PMBOK, restructured model, project lifecycle. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The Influence of Change Orders leading to Disputes in Construction Phase: Contractors’ Perspective
ABSTRACT: Changes and Change Orders are inevitable in almost every type of project. It plays an important role in determination of quality, the overall cost and the completion time of a construction project. Thus, the Change Order process should be managed well. The Change Orders in construction are one of the main causes of conflict between the owner and the contractor. Unless a good management is applied to conflicts, they quickly turn to disputes which require resolution. The dispute resolution process is highly time consuming and costly manner. The study aims to examine the influence of Change Orders leading to disputes in construction phase of a project from the contractors‟ perspective. To identify the objective, a questionnaire survey is carried out. To do so, 37 common Change Orders are selected from the literature and the questionnaire survey is carried out with 52 construction companies from the private sector of the North Cyprus construction industry. From the analysis of the 37 change orders, 4 of them are identified to be the most effective. They are As-built used for design were incorrect, Late issue of design, Change in timing of vendor drawing approval, and Design changes. As it can easily be seen, the all 4 most effective change orders are related with the design. The 4 least effective change orders are identified as Regulatory/Permit change, Code change, Change in access to the work area, and Accident-Change in safety approach. As it can be seen the 3 least effective change orders are related with the regulatory changes. Often Change Orders can become a polarizing factor between the parties. The owner‟s objectives are to minimize the impact of Change Orders to the greatest extent possible as a measure of control over a project‟s budget and schedule. Comparatively, the contractor‟s interests may involve expanding the scope of work beyond the defined by the contract, in addition to boosting its project revenue. The differing objectives between the parties can result in divergent positions and the inability to attain fair and equitable relations in changes. If the owner and/or the contractor elect to ignore or postpone the negotiation and settlement of Change Orders until the end of a project, the issues that may have been previously solvable have a greater potential of being disputed and becoming claims. The researches and studies on variations and Change Orders, and their causes and effects are still limited. Further researches and studies should be done in order to have more information and knowledge in hand to fulfil the requirements of the construction industry. The researches should be done in the design, bidding, contract, and construction phase. It has a significant importance for the studies to be done especially in the construction phase which is the case of this study. So that, the researchers will have more data, information and knowledge in hand for further studies and the construction industry will get benefit from them. Keywords: Change, Change Order, Claim, Conflict, Dispute, Construction, North Cyprus. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
BIM/Digital Twin-Based Construction Progress Monitoring through Reality Capture to Extended Reality (DRX)
A generic framework for automated construction progress monitoring via introducing a new integration method incorporating the use of reality capture technologies (Laser Scanner and Wireless Sensors), Building Information Modeling (BIM), Digital Twin (DT), and Extended Reality (XR) has been developed in this study. The proposed framework, BIM/Digital twin-based reality capture to extended reality (DRX), in this research, arrays steps on how these technologies work collaboratively to create, capture, generate, analyze, manage, and visualize construction progress data, information, and reports. Interactions among steps and processes to be followed for implementation purposes are discussed through process modeling and Integrated Function Modeling (IDEF0) language. Finally, the reliability, validity, and contribution of the proposed framework was evaluated to understand the DRX model's effectiveness when implemented in real practice. The empirical data were collected through a computerized self-administered questionnaire (CSAQ) survey conducted on contracting and engineering consulting companies operating in the USA, UAE, Sweden, Denmark, and Canada. The structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to test the hypotheses and develop the skill model. Then, the strengths and challenges of the DRX model have been described based on three different sources of academic publications, construction professionals’ experiences, and the author's lessons learned. It is concluded how the technologies of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), reality capturing, visualization, and robotics, with construction management principles, can establish a DRX model to enable accurate and real-time progress monitoring of complex projects. DRX facilitates more precise as-planned creation, faster as-built data acquisition, optimizing the whole created and captured data, and presenting them in a real environment. This study provides a roadmap for future efforts involving implementation of the DRX system as a new era of design, construction, and monitoring to empower clients, project managers, designers, and other stockholders with advanced decision-making mechanisms to solve discrepancies in an effective manner. Keywords: Automated Construction Progress Monitoring, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Reality Capture (RC), Digital Twins (DT), Extended Reality (XR).
Material-aware building design in responding to future needs
The recent quest for reducing building material ecological impact in parallel to consequences of poorly chosen materials and unsustainable material developments emphasize the need to formulate a comprehensive framework responding to the future. Hence, the conceptual and theoretical foundation of this thesis is brought together around the concept of ‘material-aware building design’ towards a holistic selection of building materials, and considering its future developments. Accordingly, the ‘material-aware building design’ is proposed by author as a method to examine the influences of sustainability, technological developments, and users and designers’ expectations, as the most influential factors in selection and development of building materials from the past to the present. This research aims to show the target and priorities to material scientists and designers by foreseeing the necessities for the future developments of building materials. Hence, the methodology of research is based on both theoretical and statistical approaches in order to bring building materials possibilities and challenges in the design procedure. Consequently, the outcome of this thesis would be beneficial for both designers and architects in order to deal with complex challenges, and improve their designs in terms of environmental responsibility, social wellbeing, and adaptability to the future needs. As a result, by the evaluation of the key factors in the selection and development of building materials, it can be assumed that in the future, the sustainability issues with the assistance of technology and designers would direct building materials developments considering environmental requirements and users' expectations. Therefore, the focus should be on the development of engineered, smart, nano, and bio-based building materials. Additionally, the digital design and construction technology would develop innovative, efficient, and lower cost building design and construction techniques. Likewise, the advances in material experimental, tactile, and spatial properties, as well as immaterial stimulus could provide new experiences. Keywords: Material-Aware Design, Sustainability, Designers and Users’ Expectations, Technology Developments, Future materials