Pastel techniques as a lyric expression in the nineteenth century painting

The aim of this study is the analysis of the lyric contribution of the pastel medium. In a painting made with pastel paint, it specifically reveals the active power that emotions and dreams play in enthusiastic expression. Lyrism, with individual, social, and philosophical depictions, influences and shakes the viewer, and enhances the aesthetic sharing. This concept brings the artwork to a musical and rhythmic structure. The term "lyric" that we use for painting is actually an expression borrowed from the music terms to describe pictures, sculptures and even some of the impact in architecture, and has served to define the transfer of emotion for the visual arts. The emotion in voice is expressed by a painting artist in the form of line, color, texture, material, design. The pastel material selected as a lyric expression medium in the study is made up of pure pigments which are explained in detail in the technical section. Drawing with dry pigments, from the beginning of the human era as a vehicle for visual identification of the world, reach up to the day by the cave paintings. Based on natural chalk made of colored soil, carbon, hematite and calcium carbonate or soap stone, pastel is at the intersection between historically simple colored drawing and painting. Due to the fact that binders or additives are used in trace amounts pastel sticks do not lose their purity. Thus, pastel sticks provide direct density of pure colors. This authenticity is a feature that makes pastel powder very unusual. Pastel paint creates a very impressive impression with its color variation due to the purity and saturation of the colors. In the first chapter, the development of pastel art is discussed in chronological order, and the characteristics of the artists are included in the historical process. In the same section pastel techniques are examined in detail. Second chapter is the analysis and interpretation of the lyrical narrative in 19th century pastel art through the pastel techniques used. Among the artists who were famous in 19th century with their pastel works; Edgar Degas, Mary Cassatt, Toulouse-Lautrec, Edouard Vuillard, and Odilon Redon's biographies, artistic activities and artistic styles, analysis of techniques and application on pastel works are included. In the creativity and ingenuity of the artist, the development of the material and application methods being used is because he/she wants to present the expression in the strongest way. In each of the artist's specific pastel applications generated by different techniques, the features such as texture, line, color intensity, particular emphasis created by using a variety of materials are enriching the expression of an artist and contributing to lyric expression.