The Ottoman Empire in the period of change, transformation and depression

In this study, titled Ottoman Empire in the Period of Change, Transformation and Depression ( 1789-1807), the innovations and reactions encountered within the scope of the Nizam-ı Cedid movement, which was imitiated during the reign of Sultan selim III, were tried to be determined. During the 1788-1792 wars, Selim III, who saw that the state was weak in every field, made an effort to make innovations in all institutions. For the innovations to be made for this purpose, first of all, people with state experience were asked to give their written opinions. In line with the written opinions prepared, reform movements were started. Since the results of the written suggestions are generally about innovation or improvement in the military system, the regulation in the military field first started and then it covered all the institutions. Financial resources were needed for the reforms to be successful. In this direction, by establishing the İrad-ı Cedid treasury, the period of multiple treasury began. Altough Nizam-ı Cedid is perceived as a military innovation in the narrow sense, regulations were also made in the social, economic, political and cultural areas of the state. While Selim III was trying to make innovations, many problems arose both inside and outside. The occupation of Egypt by the French in 1798, the Pazvantoğlu Revolt, the Wahhabi movements, the bandit movements that surrounded Anatolia and Rumelia, the mountain brigands, could not gather the power of the state and caused it to be divided into many areas. This situation triggered financial crises, created a discontended mass in the society, and led groups whose interests were lost to engage in oppositional actions against the state and the sultan. The high cost of living, internal unrest, conflict of interest of interest groups and reactions to innovations have increased the unrest at the base of society. The Ottoman- Russian War, which started after the British landing in the Bosphorus, turned into a rebellion against Selim III and Selim III was dethroned with the Kabakçı Mustafa Revolt with the dethronement of the Sultan, the innovations that were intended to be made were interrupted for a while and a blow was dealt to the future years of the Ottoman Empire.