(In the light of Madina al-Fadıla and Mukaddime) The concept of civilization in Fârâbî and Ibn Khaldun comparative analysis

In this thesis, the civilization conception of Ibn Khaldun, independent thinker, and of Fârâbî who is Aristotle follower coming from the Messiah tradition and one of the philosophers who laid the foundations of the idea of civilization in the history of Islamic thought and a comparative analysis was made with the main elements that these images are institutionalized. The first significant difference between Fârâbî and İbn Khaldun is Fârâbî shaped his conceptions of civilization within the framework of concept of siyasa al-madaniyya while Ibn Khaldun shaped with the 'Ilm al-'Umrân'. For Fârâbî, the founding element of the city, which is the center of civilization, is virtue. For Ibn Khaldun the founding factor is a'sabiyya and economy, justice and the regime resulting from the acquisition of the property. According to Fârâbî, the society that builds civilization aims to achieve happiness. According to Ibn Khaldun, the society is in the desire always to be in power and to gain prosperity and power. A virtuous civilization for Fârâbî is established only with a wise man, mujtahid, law-making chief, but the empery is a form of administration applied in the property or in a civilization for Ibn Khaldun. As can be seen, the distinction between the two thinkers is not accidental, but has some insightful and methodological differences. Keywords: Fârâbî, İbn Khaldun, Islam, Civilization, City, Siyasa al-madaniyya, 'Ilm al-'Umrân'