Prognostic factors which affect local recurrence and systemic metastasis in early stage breast cancer

Aim : Breast cancer is the most frequent kind of cancer at women in all over the world and our country. In patients that are operated the reasons of death are relapse and metastases. The prognostic factors that are known to affect relapse can be enumerated as age, tumor size, the number of axillary lymph node, degree of the illness as ER, PR, HER-2 expression, the existence of lymphatic invasion. In this study we have aimed to find out prognostic factors which determine relapse, early-late relapse and local and distant metastases risc in our patients suffering from operated breast cancer.Material-method: The files of the patients diagnosed with operated breast cancer who have consulted to Medical Oncology Field of Dicle University Medical Faculty between the years 2001-2010 were examined as retrospective. During their surveillance the group formed with the patients who have relapsed were called as relapse-metastases and the other patients were called as remission group. The molecular aspects between these two groups such as age, sex, place of residence, menopausal condition, family story, early menopause, late menopause, the number of pregnancy, the number of abortus, the number of live birth, BMI, using of oral contraceptive, the story of using cigarette, the first symptom of breast localization, the histology of tumor, its size, the number of lymph node, the existence of lymphovascular invasion, the degree of tumor, molecular aspects as ER, PR, HER, staging studies; surgical features, the time characteristics as between surgical ?chemotherapy and surgical radiotherapy; relapse-metastases group and remission group were compared in terms of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Then among the patients who have relapsed the factors determining early and late relapse, local and distant relapse were examined. For the statistical analysis SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Windows 11.5 program was used. The value of P ?0,05 was accepted as meaningful.Findings: From 802 patients 479 patients suffering from operated breast cancer were included in this study. Median age was 47 (18-79). While 136 of the patients were included in relapse-metastases group 343 of them took place in remission group. The factors determining the relapse were determined as tumor size, the number of lymph node, lymphovascular invasion, grade, insufficient staging and the time passing between surgical and chemotherapy. The factors which determine early and late relapse were determined as ER pozitivity and using adjuvant hormonal therapy. Among the factors determining local and distant metastases the keeping of lymph node number and insufficient staging were found.Result: In patients suffering from operated breast cancer the factors determining the relapse were determined as tumor size, the number of lymph node that was involve, lymphovascular invasion, grade, insufficient staging and the time passing between surgical and chemotherapy. The factors defining early and late relapse were assessed as ER pozitivity and using of adjuvant hormonal therapy. Among factors defining local and distant metastases the number of lymph node involving and insufficient staging were determined.Key words: Early stage breast cancer, Local relapse, Systematic metastases, Prognostic factors