Evaluation of nurses' knowledge about patient safety after diagnostic cardiac catheterization in Iraq

Background: There will be 17.9 million deaths worldwide due to cardiovascular disease in 2022, and the death rate by age in Iraq is two hundred twenty-seven and twenty-six per hundred thousand inhabitants, and it ranks 23rd in the world. Cardiac catheterization is the most common type of heart procedure. There is a possibility that the surgery may be accompanied by some complications related to the patient. These problems have been dramatically reduced due to significant technological advances in cardiac catheterization, improvements in operator proficiency levels, and the implementation of new methods. In some cases, cardiac catheterization applies to either right or left heart catheterization or both. Nurses caring for cardiac catheterization patients must also be aware of vascular problems such as hematomas, retroperitoneal bleeding, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, compression, and embolism. Atherosclerosis, after the procedure, nurses must design a standard and safe protocol for patient care or care, and coronary connective tissue intervention can be enhanced as a result of patient outcomes if more or better medical assistance is available. Objectives: This study evaluated nurses' patient safety knowledge after diagnostic catheterization. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between May-August 2022 at the Nasiriyah Heart Center in Nasiriyah, Iraq. The study population consisted of nurses100 in the cardiac catheterization department, 50 in the cardiac care unit, 50 in the intensive care unit, 34 in the operating department, and 50 in cardiology. Clinics, 50 in the department of Men's surgery and 50 in the department of women's surgery. Inclusion criteria were determined as follows; being 18 or over in these specific units, nurses and night shift workers are included during the morning and evening shifts. As nurses who did not work in these units are excluded, inpatients and patients outside these hospitals are also included. Face-to-face data were collected using a questionnaire to identify nurses' sociodemographic factors and a questionnaire of nurses' knowledge regarding patient safety after diagnostic cardiac catheterization to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) through statistical data analysis methods to determine whether the study's objectives were achieved. Descriptive statistics were used: frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-sample t-test, and the significance level to be determined in data evaluation is P≤0.05. Result: The study showed that the majority of the study sample was female at a rate of 53.4% and that 45.3% were between the ages of 26-35 years, 57.0% were married, 50.8% were nursing diplomas, and 51.3% were male. It was determined that the total knowledge scores of the participants showed a statistically significant difference according to the nurse's education (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the sum of knowledge scores for the undergraduate group is higher than the other groups, and it was also determined that the sum of knowledge scores showed a statistically significant difference according to the participants' experience (p < 0.05). According to the results, it was observed that the group with one year of age or less had a total knowledge score of 6 to 10, higher than the groups with 11 or more years of age. The 3-year-olds had higher total knowledge scores than the 4- to 7-year-old group. In addition, it was determined that the total knowledge scores of the participants showed a statistically significant difference according to the training date (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the total knowledge scores for the group that did not take a particular education course were higher than for the other groups. Multiple comparison tests were performed to determine which group the difference arose from. According to the results, it was observed that the total cognitive scores of the group that did not take a unique course were higher than those obtained by the groups that received it six months ago and one year ago. Conclusions: As a result of the study, nurses' knowledge level about patient safety after cardiac catheterization was found to be moderate.