Review of nutrition related cardiyovascular risk factors in patients to whom coronary angiography will be performed

This study has been done with the objective to determine nutrition-related cardiovascular risk factors on the individuals to whom the coronary angiography will be performed. The study has been carried out on 100 patients in total, composed of 58 females and 42 males, at the age of 30 and over, undergoing coronary angiography operation in Başkent University Ankara Hospital between the dates of November 2014 and February 2015. Patients' demographic characteristics and some have been examined by the survey form. Individuals' anthropometric measurements have been recorded, some biochemical parameters have been analyzed, and physical activity conditions have been determined. To determine nutrition-related cardiovascular risk factors of the individuals the nutritional risk test containing 35 nutrient sorts for cardiovascular diseases and 24 hours food consumption questionnaire have been carried out. Coronary angiography after treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), including the participants were divided into two groups with and without diagnosis were evaluated for cardiovascular risk factors associated with diet and divided into two groups. The average age of the individuals in CAD group has been determined as 59.9±9.11 years as to in NCA group as 57.0±6.76 years. Statistically significant difference has been determined between this two groups in terms of age groups (p<0.05). It has been determined that in CAD group, 60% of male individuals and 30.6% of female individuals are slightly overweight (BMI 25-29.29 kg/m2), 25.7% of male individuals and 50% of female individuals are overweight (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2), and in NCA group 57.1% of male individuals and 40.9% of female individuals are slightly overweight (BMI 25-29.29 kg/m2), 28.6% of male individuals and 36.4% of female individuals are overweight (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). It has been determined that both genders are ranked in the high-risk group in CAD and NCA groups (WC=Male≥ 102 cm, Female ≥ 88 cm). In both CAD and NCA groups, it has been determined that the percentage of daily energy originated from SFA is above the suggestions of NECP ATP III and intake of PUFA and MUFA is under the level suggested in NCEP ATP III. When the average of daily vitamin and mineral consumption with dietary and dietary reference ıntake (DRI) suggestions are compared, the dietary potassium consumption of the individuals in CAD and NCA groups are insufficient according to DRI suggestions as to sodium consumptions are quite above. When nutrition-related cardiovascular risk factors are evaluated in terms of biochemical parameters, it has been observed that average value of pre-prandial blood glucose in both groups is above serum triglyceride (TG) level reference levels. It has been detected that serum LDL cholesterol values in females are higher than in male individuals and the gender difference is determined as statistically significant (p<0.05). HDL cholesterol values of male and female individuals are determined as below reference values. 72.7% of females and 85.7% of males in NCA group, and 77.8%of females and 85.7% of males in CAD group carry age-related cardiovascular disease risk. On females in CAD group, it has been determined that the risk concerning waist circumference (97.2%) is the most common and smoking is the rare (8.3%). On males in CAD group, it has been determined that the risk concerning waist-hip ratio (91.4%) is the most common. On females in NCA group, it has been determined that waist circumference and waist-hip ratio are risky. On males in NCA group, it has been determined that the risk concerning waist-hip ratio (% 100.0) and diabetic is rare (14.3%). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been observed in 76% of all individuals and MetS existence has not been detected 24% of all individuals. MetS has been observed in 76.3% of CAD group individuals and 23.7% of NCA group individuals. The difference between groups is determined as statistically significant (p<0.05). Between saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, bagasse, carbohydrate, cholesterol and serum FBG, serum LDL-C and SBP negative correlation has been determined. A positive correlation between bagasse and serum HDL cholesterol, sodium; a negative correlation between bagasse and serum FBG, serum LDL cholesterol, serum triglyceride, DBP, SBP has been determined. A negative correlation between carbohydrate and FBP, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, SBP, DBP has been determined (p>0.05). Enhancing the level of public consciousness and awareness with respect to CVDs risk factors is the most important step to fight effectively against the risk factors that lead to these diseases, to reduce the threats towards public health, and to develop the public health. Besides individuals, who carries cardiovascular disease risk, should be canalized to proper medical nutrition therapy.