Formal approaches and stone in western sculpture art after modernism

The scope of this thesis is the use of stone as a material in sculpture during modernization process in the 20th century and after it. The formal effects within the change of definitions, notions and approaches in art and the role of stone in these effects are examined with the examples.In the first chapter, French Revolution and Industrial Revolution which have affected the western plastic arts, and the progress of their consequences are mentioned. What are the results and the effects of World War I and World War II, and what caused to be brought into the world and the emergence of abstract art are presented within the consequences influenced the art.In the second chapter, the basic concept of modernism in the abstract sculpture and the sculpture based on abstraction, are mentioned in terms of how the stone is taken part as a direct carving material through the sculptors? formal approaches and the notions they are influenced.In the third chapter, in the second half of the 20th century, the changing definitions, notions and the scope of the sculpture are noticed; and as a result of this change, new approaches and forms in stone are mentioned as a natural material, a rough material and also within its functionality.