Education problems in modernization period Turkish and Azerbaijan novels and stories

The political and social developments in the world in the 19th century led to the start of the modernization operation in the Ottoman Empire. With the proclamation of the Tanzimat in 1839, the Westernization process in the country became official and led to changes in political, social, cultural and economic fields. On the other hand, in Azerbaijan, which has been occupied by the Russians since the middle of the 19th century, innovation experiences are realized in many fields. The intellectuals and writers of the two communities, acting in the same line in the modernization process, insistently on the issue of education in order to prepare the society for a new order and to adopt the understanding of modern society to the public. While these intellectuals explain their critical thoughts about the perception of education of the period in their newspaper articles, they also interpret the issue of education from different angles in the novels and stories they see as a teaching tool. In the modernization period, the writers of both communities deal with many educational problems such as child education, parent education, women's education, educators, educational institutions, etc. in their novels and stories. While these writers reveal their views on education through the heroes in their works, they also support innovation in education, which is a sign of modernization. In this study, the education situation in both Ottoman and Azerbaijan in the modernization process was discussed in general terms. The education policies implemented by the statesmen in both communities, the new educational institutions opened, the approaches of intellectuals and writers to this subject were evaluated based on the novels and stories of the period.