Evaluation of expression of adrenomedullin (ADM) and soluble endoglin (SENG) the placenta of preeclamptic pregnancies

Aim: Aim of this study was to evaluate recently discovered two novel proteins adrenomedullin and soluble endoglin (sEng) expression levels in preeclamptic placentas. Materials and Methods: Small portions of 20 preeclamptic and 20 normotensive placentas were dissected for paraffin-wax tissue embedding protocol. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin eosin and immunostaining. Sections were examined under light microscope to micrograph. Results: In hematoxylin-eosin stained sections, intensive pathology was observed in preeclampsia group compared to control group. Increased Hoffbauer cells and degeneration in villous capillaries, stromal and trophoblast cells were seen in preeclampsia sections. Intense hemorrhage was detected in intervillous area with congestion and dilatation in villous capillaries. There were intense hyalinization areas in connective tissue. Expressions were mostly found in cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells. Ratio of chromogen positive areas to total areas was evaluated by percentage with analysis of Image J software. Statistical analysis showed sEng expression occupied an area of 34.83% in control group. However, chromosome positive areas in preeclampsia group were 49.22% and this increase was significantly higher by independent t test (p = 0.000). In control group of ADM expression, percentage ratio of chromogen-positive areas to total area was 51.72%. Rate of preeclampsia group was 22.08%. Decrease in expression percentage of preeclampsia group was significant by independent t test (p = 0.000). Conclusion: We propose that trophoblastic cells play an indirect role in development of preeclampsia or in responses to homeostatic disorders preeclampsia causes. We also think that new studies are a need to support our hypotheses.