Histopatological and biochemical methods of the effect of N-acetylcystein on sialore and myocardit developed after closapine use in rats

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms of the adverse effects of clozapine on myocardium, parotid gland and serum in rats and to evaluate the level of clozapine-induced pathologic effects of clozapine with prophylactic use of N-acetyl cysteine (NAS). Materials and Methods: Three groups including control group, clozapine group and clozapine+NAS group were formed from 36 Wistar Albino rats weighing 350-400 g obtained from N.E.Ü. KONÜDAM Experimental Medicine Application and Research Center. After 23 days, the rats were decapitated. Troponin I and C Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in serum; Total Antioxidant Level (TAS), Total Oxidant Level (TOS), Oxidative Stress Index (OSI), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels in serum, heart and parotid, and histopathologically parotid and heart were examined and statistical analysis was performed. Results: When the control, clozapine and clozapine+NAS groups were compared, it was found that CRP, Troponin, TNF-alpha, TOS, OSI levels in the heart, parotid and serum were highest in the clozapine group and lowest in the control group; IL-10 and TAS levels were highest in the control group and lowest in the clozapine group and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). In the group in which NAS was added to clozapine, all tissues were positively affected in terms of inflammation and oxidation compared to the clozapine group. When the heart was evaluated histopathologically, inflammation findings including lymphocyte infiltration, nuclear degeneration and degenerative ischemic changes in subendocardial and myocardial areas were observed more commonly in the clozapine-only group, while less inflammation was observed in the clozapine+NAS group. When parotid histopathologically evaluated, inflammation findings were observed more commonly in the periductal, lobular and periglandular areas in the clozapine only group, while less inflammation was observed in the clozapine+NAS group. Mucinous metaplasia was detected in the serous component of the parotid parotid in the clozapine groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that clozapine negatively affected both inflammatory balance and antioxidant balance in serum, parotid and heart of rats and NAS significantly reduced these negative effects both biochemically and histopathologically. Keywords: Clozapine, N acetyl cysteine, myocarditis, sialorrhea, oxidation, inflammation, CRP, Troponin I, TNF-a, IL-10, TAS, TOS, OSI