The relationship between spirodiclofen resistance and wolbachia endosymbiont in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari:Tetranychidae) is an important pest that causes economic losses in many varieties of cultivated plants in the world. In the fight against T. urticae, insecticides and acaricides are effectively used. But T. urticae are able to rapidly develop resistance to chemicals due to some of their biological properties. It is an endosymbiont species found in many pests in Wolbachia mites. In pests, the mechanism underlying the interactions between insecticide resistance and endosymbiont is still not decisively understood. In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between spirodiclofen resistance in T. urticae and the presence of Wolbachia. Therefore, simultaneous selection of spirodiclofen was performed in both Wolbachia infected (GSS) and uninfected (GSSN) populations of T. urticae. Dry residue method was used to determine LC values in T. urticae. Bioassay experiments were applied to the larval stage of the mite. LC studies were established as 7 doses +1 control and 3 replications. Dead-alive counts were made at the end of the 7th day and resistance rates were determined. In the last selection of T. urticae with Wolbachia infection, 23-fold spirodiclofen resistance was determined, and in the last selection without Wolbachia infection, 103-fold resistance was determined. The presence of Wolbachia and frequency density were checked in both selection populations. The presence of Wolbachia was found to be quite low in all Wolbachia-infected selection populations compared to Wolbachia-infected populations. In addition, the relationship between spirodiclofen resistance and detoxification enzymes in mites was also investigated. As a result, it is thought that there may be a negative relationship between spirodiclofen resistance and Wolbachia endosymbiont in T. urticae, and that esterase enzyme may have an effect on the development of resistance within the scope of this relationship.