The role of the interaction between digital transformation and organizational culture in Society 5.0 structuring: A field study

Individuals and societies have faced many changes and transformations. The last technological change and transformation that started with Industry 4.0 in 2011 is the concept of Society 5.0, introduced by the Japanese in 2016. It is based on the use of technological changes and transformations for the benefit of people. Digital transformation is a concept that is more production-oriented and affects all business processes, technologies, and people. On the other hand, as technological developments occur, it is inevitable that cultural changes will also occur. When considered in the context of organizational culture, organizational culture needs to change in order for both digital transformation and Society 5.0 understanding to settle. This research aims to explore the interaction between digital transformation and organizational culture in the Society 5.0 structuring. In this study, an explanatory-sequential design of mixed methods was used. In this context, the sample of the study consists of business owners and senior managers of medium and large enterprises, academicians, and public employees, in accordance with purposeful sampling. In this study, 415 participants were included. The quantitative analysis part of this study involves the use of frequency, exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, correlation, Structural Equation Modeling and ANOVA analyzes. In the qualitative analysis section, by using the content analysis method, semi-structured questions were asked during the interviews conducted with 46 individuals. In this context, code relationship analysis was applied. All data were analyzed using SPSS 25, AMOS 24 and MAXQDA 20 software. In line with the findings obtained in the quantitative analysis part, it was observed that there is a mutual influence between digital transformation and organizational culture, where all dimensions as sub-dimensions have an impact on each other. Additionally, The ANOVA results indicated that there is no significant difference between groups in the digital capabilities sub-dimension. The qualitative analysis revealed that Society 5.0 and its sub-dimensions have an impact on both digital transformation and organizational culture, including its sub-dimensions, and that establishing the understanding of Society 5.0 required digital transformation to take place and organizational culture to change.