Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with burn infection

Burn infection is one of the most important bacterial inflammations caused by gram negative and gram positive bacteria and K. pneumoniae is one of the most pathogen caused this type of infection. The aim of this study is to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic detection of K. pneumoniae that cause burn infection in hospitals patients in Al-Najaf City in Iraq. A total of 175 burn swabs from Middle Euphrates Burns Center patients in AL-Najaf Governorate Iraq have been collected during period from 1/5/2020 to 1/12/2020. The results proved that out of total 175 burn swabs there were 103 bacterial isolates. The results demonstrated that out of total 103 bacterial isolates, there were 31 isolates (30%) diagnosed as Pseudomonas spp and 23 isolates (22%) was K. pneumonia followed by Staphylococcus spp 22 isolates with percentages (21.4%) and 11 isolates (10.6%) was E.coli. While, there were 8 isolates (7.8%) was Acinetobacter spp. and 5 isolates (4.9%) Enterobacter spp the lowest prevalence isolates was Proteus spp. with 3 isolates (3%). According to antimicrobials sensitivity test, the results indicated that K.pneumoniae was full resistant (100%) against Amoxicillin and Ceftriaxone and was high resistant to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (91.3%). While, K.pneumoniae was resistance to Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Tetracycline, Tobramycin and Ciprofloxacin with percentage (73.9%), (43.4%), (69.5%), (60.9%) and (47.8%) respectively. While, there was low resistance against Levofloxacin (17.1%), Gentamicin (13%) and Amikacin (4.3%). Imipenem is the only antibiotic inhibited growth of all 23 isolates. On the other hand, the results proved that out of total 23 isolates, there were 20 isolates (87%) were multidrug resistance and 3 isolates (13%) extensive drug resistance. While, there was no any isolate was pan drug resistance. Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase according to Double Disc Synergy test demonstrated that there were 14 isolates (61%) capable of production of ESBL. According to genotypic method to detection of eight antibiotic resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction, the results proved that there were 13 isolates (56.5%) were carried tem gene and 18 isolates (78.2%) were positive for shv gene. While, the results indicated that there were only 8 isolates (34.7%) were harbored ctxm gene, three isolates (13%) were positive for oxa gene and10 isolates (43.7%) positive for ampc gene. While, there was no any isolate was carried veb gene. On the other hand, the results showed that only one isolate (4.3%) was harbored aacc1 while there was no any isolates was positive to aacc2 gene. Conclusions: K. pneumoniae is a second causative agent that causes burn infection and has high ability to resistant antibiotics. Extended spectrum beta lactamase K. pneumoniae was highly prevalence in burn infection and harbored many beta lactamase genes. 2022, 97 pages Keywords: Phenotypic, Genotypic, K. Pneumoniae, Antibiotic, Iraq, Turkey, ESBL