Evaluation of the effectiveness of different remineralization agents on artificial carnation enamel surfaces: in vitro study

Introduction and Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the remineralization efficacy of remineralization agents with different contents on artificial caries lesions formed in extracted caries-free permanent molars and premolars under in vitro conditions. Material and Methods: In our study, 42 caries-free, 20-year-old buried 20-year-old teeth, unaffected by the oral environment, were used. 42 enamel face specimens were randomized into 6 study groups, including 4 experimental and 2 control (positive and negative) control groups. Seven samples (n=7) were studied in each group. Remineralization agents applied to demineralized enamel surfaces in our study were Dharma Ionite Fluor Gel (USA), GC MI Paste Plus (Recaldent, Melbourne, Australia), ProShield Varnish (President dental, Munich, Germany) and UltraEZ (Ultradent, South Jordan, USA). . In order to mimic the oral environment, the demineralization and remineralization cycle was continued during the application of remineralization agents. SEM-EDS and Nanoindentation analyzes were performed on enamel surfaces in all groups at 3 separate times. Thermo Fisher Scientific (FEI) Apreo S Scanning Electron microscope was used for analysis for SEM and EDS. The HYSITRON TI 950 TriboIndenter device was used for nanoindentation measurement. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program was used for statistical analysis. While performing the analysis, the data were evaluated as being dependent within the group and independent between the groups. Oneway Anova test, Mann Whitney U test, paired sample t test, Analysis of Variance and Bonferroni Test were used in these analyses(p<0,05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of change in elasticity at T2 time compared to T1 time (p>0,05). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of hardness increase at T2 time compared to T1 time (p:0,013; p<0,05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the amount of roughness change in T2 time compared to T1 time (p>0,05). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of Ca/P averages at T2 time (p:0,000; p<0,05). Conclusion: In our study all the results show that the effect of remineralization agents with different contents on the physical and chemical properties of enamel is proportional to their remineralization efficiency. It was concluded that all the remineralization agents we used in the study remineralized the artificial initial enamel caries on the samples, although to varying degrees. Keywords: Artificial Caries, Remineralization, SEM-EDS, Nanoindentation.