Determination of lines high yield and quality in domestic and foreing fennel (foeniculum vulgare) genotypes with the support of srap molecular marker

The aim of the study was to determine the degree of genetic relationships of local and foreign origin fennel genotypes and the genotypes with high yield and quality. 26 foreign origin genotypes obtained from the USDA collection and 14 local genotypes obtained from Burdur, Denizli and Antalya regions with single plant selection were used as material. The genotypes were grown in the experimental area of the Field Crops Department of the Faculty of Agriculture of Isparta University of Applied Sciences in 2021-2022 according to the randomized block design with 3 replications. According to the two-year average, the flowering time of the genotypes varied between 58.5-76.2 days, ripening time between 116.5-135.5 days, plant height between 51.1-120.5 cm, stem thickness between 4.2-11.4 mm, number of branches between 4.5-7.4 pieces/plant, number of umbrellas between 6.7-16.3 pieces/plant, harvest index between 28.9-59.1%, 1000 fruit weight between 6.1-104.6 g, fruit yield between 55.2-368.6 kg/da, essential oil ratio between 1.70-3.44%, essential oil yield between 1.55-10.28 kg/da, fixed oil ratio between 19.28-23.58% and fixed oil yield between 12.18-79.03 kg/da. In the study, it was determined that the trans-anethole content of 17 genotypes was in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia. The main fixed oil component of fennel genotypes was petroselenic acid, followed by linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids. Petroselenic acid content varied between 64.76-81.31% (F10-F37) in 2021 and 61.46-81.57% (F45-F13) in 2022. Genetic relationships of local and foreign genotypes were determined with SRAP molecular marker screenings. US (F30), USA (F27) and Serbia&Montenegro (F14) genotypes were completely different from other genotypes. Other genotypes were divided into two main groups. The first group was divided into three subgroups. The second group was divided into four subgroups. As a result, in our study, genotypes F4, F5, F40, F45 and F46 were transferred to the next generation as yield type, genotypes F7, F8 and F10 were transferred to the next generation as essential oil type and genotypes F6, F11, F17, F28, F32 and F36 were transferred to the next generation as yield and essential oil type genotypes.