Relationship between glycemic index and glycemic load and insulin resistance in adult subjects

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and some biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements of subjects with insulin resistance. The study consisted of 64 subjects who applied for Kudret International Hospital Nutrition and Diet Policlinic between April and August 2017, who had a new insulin resistance diagnosis (32 subjects) and no health problems (32 subjects). The study included 40 females, 24 males subjects participated. The mean age of the subjects was 42.6±13.2 years in the insulin resistance group and 34.1±10.1 years in the control group. A questionnaire form was applied face to face to the subjects in this study, and their demographic characteristics and eating habits were determined. In addition, anthropometric measurements of subjects were made and some biochemical findings were determined. All subjects were asked to fill in the seven-days food consumption record and physical activity form. Glycemic index, glycemic load, daily energy consumption, macro and micro nutrients and diet consumed daily by subjects were determined by food consumption record. Basal metabolism rate were calculated using Schofield and biochmeical impedance method was used for body analysis. In results of the study, it was seen that subjects in the control group had more snack meals than subjects with insulin resistance (p<0.05). Weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist/hip and waist/height ratio in women with insulin resistance more higher those in the control group (p<0.05). The mean BMI of all subjects is higher in subjects with insulin resistance (p<0.05). It was determined that women with insulin resistance according to BMI, waist circumference, waist/hip and waist/height ratio classification were included in the high risk group compared to the control group. In males, this is the case only for BMI. Body fat weight and percent body fat are higher in women with insulin resistance than those in the control group (p<0.05). As expected, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, HDL and trygliceride levels are different between groups (p<0.05). There was no difference between the gruops in terms of daily macro nutrients, vitamin-mineral consumption and physical activity status (p>0.05). The glycemic index and glycemic load of the diets of subjects with insulin resistance is greater than the control group, but this difference is not statistically significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, high glycemic index and glycemic load diet may be risk factors for insulin resistance through anthropometric properties. Low glycemic index and glycemic load diets may be affective in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance.