Famagusta
60 theses under this subject heading
Destination Image of Famagusta Walled City: Travelers’ and Local Stakeholders’ Perspectives
The existing investigation has reassessed the former studies which are implemented by the researchers and investigators about destination image and its attributes. As for assessing, the questionnaire has been specifically designed to test the impact of destination image attributes (unique image, cognitive image, and affective image), first, on the general perception of travelers by the destination, assessing the impact of overall image and lastly on the tourists’ future behaviors which are intention to recommend and intention to revisit. The study has been developed based on the existent model that has been surveyed by the researchers. However, focusing on destination image and its attributes of Famagusta Walled City are the originalities of this study. The data has been collected from Famagusta Walled City and the respondents were incoming tourists. The results of this study show that except cognitive image, other destination image attributes that are affective and unique image have an influence on overall image of the destination. Regarding to the tourists` future behaviors, both intention to revisit and intention to recommendation has been supported. Keywords: destination image, cognitive image, affective image, unique image, future behavior, Famagusta Walled City.
Impact of Green Wall Facade on Residential Building Users in Hot Climates - Famagusta Case
Today cities have fewer green areas because of newly constructed facilities thus the surfaces of our existing and upcoming buildings should integrate more vegetation. Integrating vertical green systems is advantageous for improving aesthetic, mental health and indoor thermal comfort. The use of a well-designed and managed green surface systems provides thermal regulation for energy saving buildings with passive thermal insulation for interior spaces. The aim of this study is to find innovative and meaningful ways to increase useful vegetation by implementing them into architectural design processes. Green walls are vertical constructions that are cladded with various types of plants or other vegetation. The walls frequently have built-in watering systems since they contain living plants in them. Integrating green surface systems will decrease energy consumption and increase thermal comfort throughout the year. With the use of Ladybug and Honeybee in Grasshopper, running with EnergyPlus, it allows us to simulate the indoor thermal levels of a residential building in North Cyprus by creating a virtual energy model of the building in Rhinoceros 3D. By running simulations, the effects of integrating green surface systems to the exterior walls of the building will be predictable. The simulation was run three times, the first was to simulate the existing building before integrating green surface systems to serve as a control, whereas the second and third were to simulate the same existing building but after integrating green surface systems to the exterior walls. The average total thermal comfort percent of Döveç Apartment 20 Building with no wall insulation, AC nor HVAC systems was around 35.8% throughout the whole year. After integrating green surface systems to all the exterior walls of the building the average was about 45%, which is a 25.7% increase in the thermal comfort felt by the users of the building. In conclusion adding green surface systems to exterior facades of a building would increase the time spent in the thermal comfort zone of a building, which would decrease energy consumption of thermal regulating systems due to less usage of those thermal regulating systems by the users throughout the year. Keywords: Vertical Green Systems, Thermal Comfort Zone, Sustainability, Residential, Karakol, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Hot Climate
Economic Impacts of Educational Tourism on Host Community. A Comparative Study in Famagusta and Lefke, North Cyprus
Educational Tourism plays an important role in the lives of host community. There are three types of impacts which affect their lives. Such as: economic, socio-cultural and environmental. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the hosts' perceptions on Educational Tourism development and to achieve broadened perspective of Edu - Tourism on economical concern of the host community of two regions of North Cyprus – Famagusta and Lefke. By comparing these two locations and level of impacts in each of them we will gather in-depth data which will help us to understand the path in which “younger” destination – Lefke will develop in future for educational tourism. To measure the impacts of Educational Tourism in Famagusta and Lefke, North Cyprus, data was collected from 24 host residents who lives in these regions. So, the sampling of our study was local people from different regions of Famagusta and Lefke, North Cyprus who lived there for more than 20 years, because in our opinion, those people are the ones who noticed the effects of development of educational tourism better than those who lived here smaller period of time. Qualitative data collection was used to collect the information via semi-structured interviews and face-to-face interactions with locals. The findings of our study revealed that most of the respondents benefit from Educational tourism development, although there are some negative impacts that were mentioned by interviewees. Most of the findings of this study are supported by the results of previous studies which were mentioned in literature part of the research. Keywords: Educational tourism, Economic impacts, Famagusta, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, Resident attitudes, EMU, EUL
Measuring the Potential for Ecological Citizenship among Famagusta Residents
Within sustainable urbanism debate, environmental attitudes and behaviours shaping everyday activities and practices of urban communities have been a focus area. All the related work of at least 25 years have introduced the term ‘ecological citizenship’ as the newly, emerging dimension of Ecological City. In this context, the academicia ns, policy makers and environmentalists seek to find the strategies and tools to make the behavioural change for the modern urban societies towards implementing ecologica l citizenship. In this context, this research focusing on the term ‘ecological citizenship’, tries to obtain information for understanding Famagusta inhabitants’ potential to embrace ecological citizenship as a way of living. Hence, besides seeking the most convenie nt solutions for the physical shortcomings of the Famagusta city with plans, legislat ions and so forth, accomplishing ecologically based, sustainable residents seems as a potentially crucial and significant requisite. Within this framework, firstly, the emergence of ecological citizenship has been evaluated, and then research problem and research objectives have been identified. Secondly modern environmentalism has been discussed and then Ecological City has been deliberated in its five known dimensions with the addition of ‘ecologica l citizenship’ as the fifth dimension after ‘sustainable urban form’, ‘sustainab le transportation’, ‘urban ecology and biodiversity’, and ‘energy use and waste management’. Thirdly, the literature in the field has been reviewed and environmenta l behaviour as the nucleus of ecological citizenship has been evaluated. iv Following the literature review, a survey study has been developed. In this vein, firstly Famagusta has been evaluated based on the dimensions of Ecological City and then the findings of the Famagusta Area Study (FAS) has been interpreted. Then, based on these, a survey research model has been developed. Within this framework, a user survey that seeks to obtain data about the level of existing environmental awareness and concern, ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes and also about environmenta l behaviours has been prepared. The user survey, carried out with the help of the firm ‘The Management Centre of the Mediterranean’, involved four sections; 165 inhabitants between 16 and 75 years old were randomly sampled within the territory of Famagusta municipality including all 16 quarters; it was undertaken in a time period of seven weeks (10 April - 03 June 2013). Finally, the findings of the user survey have been presented, interpreted, and conclusions were drawn based on the study, considering the local environmental peculiarities of Famagusta, N. Cyprus. According to the findings of the research, Famagusta residents’ existing awareness and concern about environmental problems and issues, cannot achieve an adequate level in order to be one of the dynamics shaping their lifestyles. However, their environmental worldview is still at a medium level. Additionally, the survey findings indicate that environmentally based living will increase if the urban environment is improved in line with the requirements of sustainable urban environments. Keywords: Ecological City, Ecological Citizenship, Environmental Attitude and Behaviour, Famagusta, North Cyprus.
International Students’ Perceptions of Printed Form of Outdoor Advertising
Advertising is one of the most important elements in the promotion of products and services. Whether in developed or developing countries, advertising is the first tool used when companies want to promote their brands. Print advertising, broadcast advertising, out-of-home advertising, and new media advertising are all alternatives used by a company to reach their audience. Outdoor, transit, and kiosk advertising are specific types of out-of-home media advertising in practice today. This research tries to analyze the impacts and aspects of out-of-home advertising in urban cities on the level of people’s perceptions using the case study of Famagusta, North Cyprus. Since Famagusta is a university city, students from different nationalities constitute a significant percentage of the city’s population. Salamis is one of the most important streets in Famagusta, which has changed drastically during the last decade. Since this street is a main access road for students attending the university, there are many shops and restaurants located on it. Outdoor advertising, therefore, is used by these companies to reach this population with their ads. Since companies are spending a lot of money for these advertisements, the main aim of this study is to measure the efficiency and effectiveness of these out-of-home advertising tactics on the international students’ perception levels. As the theoretical framework for this study, the communication theories of persuasion, perception, and visual attention were used. Quantitative methods and survey methodology were also used in this study. With the convenience sampling method, 350 international students from different age groups and educational levels were chosen. These respondents were carefully selected to meet the requirements for participation in this study. Keywords: international students, Famagusta, out-door advertising, perception
Discussion on Typo Morphological Approach and Baykal Neighborhood in Famagusta
Generally, the architecture of iconic buildings because of their unique characteristics has attracted much attention. Specially with the start of modernist era, design of individual iconic buildings gained more importance which is the product of certain famous architects that reveals some clues about these unconventional typologies. It should be noted that being unconventional is not only limited to iconic buildings with famous architects but it can also be found among the normal and ordinary buildings that form the majority of the structures in cities. In general, building typologies change over time influenced by the factors like socio-economic issues and needs of the users. These changes have not always taken place slightly and gradually, but sometimes are mutated under special circumstances such as irregular contextual issue and have caused the appearance of new typologies called mutated type. This thesis attempts to study and review unconventional apartment building typologies based on cooperative houses constructed in Baykal neighborhood in Famagusta city in the 60’s. To achieve this aim, by scanning and reviewing the development of typo morphological studies based on survey of the previous researches on this subject, the study will proceed to comprehend different typologies in terms of architectural characteristics and important components of morphology science in the field of urban issue. Therefore, the applied methodology in this thesis is adapted from the background information coming from synthesizing the methods of Caniggia and Conzen (famous theoreticians of typo morphology science) to review the evolution of unconventional apartment typology which are created by the added floors on the single storey cooperative houses over time, in terms of façade characteristics and urban factors, in addition, interior space organization and the changes that occurred in space arrangement are taken into consideration as well.
Deriving a Narrative Infrastructure from Community Stories in Famagusta Walled City
[Abstract Not Available]
Framework for Analysing Urban Form by Using Historico-geographical and Configurational Approaches on the Case of Famagusta Commercial Street Network
Coordinating and comparing different approaches to urban morphology is recognized as one of the most important lines of research in urban form. This study places emphasis on two different analytical approaches to urban morphology: the historico geographical approach based on Conzenian tradition and the configurational approach based on space syntax theory. However, considerable efforts have been made to coordinate and combine different approaches to urban morphology. This thesis presents a complementary framework by applying the historico-geographical and configurational approaches, comparing them, and proposing a coordinated combined methodology to achieve a better comprehension of the evolution of the urban form, specifically, the street formation and transformation of Famagusta city. The results confirm that the combination of these two approaches is capable of providing an enhanced understanding of the historical transformation of urban form. Fundamentally, the historico-geographical character and configuration of the town are determined by socio-economic activities. Within this context, both approaches identify the historical patterns of urban form as the key element to comprehend the relationship between socio-economic activity and urban form, which are both configurational and historical. Also, this complementary framework is tested on Famagusta commercial street network in order to apprehend the framework with better understanding.
An Empirical Analysis of Edu-Tourism as a Potential Sustainable Option- A View from Residents: The Case of North Cyprus
The review of the related studies in respect the tourism indicated that more attention has devoted to the perceptions and attitudes of people from different communities toward tourism. Many of these studies have concentrated generally on tourism and particularly alternative tourism. The current study aimed to investigate the perceptions of the resident in respect to socio-cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability of Edu-tourism. This study in somehow contribute the literature of Edu-tourism and it examines the perceptions of the residents in respect to the tourism in Northern of Cyprus. The participants of this study were 300 residents that were surveyed in the city of Famagusta in Northern Cyprus to find out their attitudes and perceptions in respect to the sustainability of Edu-tourism. For analyzing the perceptions of the residents of the social, economic and environmental effects of edu-tourism, ANOVA and Cramer’s V tests were employed. Moreover, the effect of the socio-demographic characteristics of the residents on their perceptions and attitudes was also investigated. The results of this study showed that the residents have different attitudes in respect to the sustainability of edu-tourism and they mostly have a positive view about edu-tourisms. Keywords: residents’ perception, edu-tourism, community impacts, sustainability, edu-tourism destination.
Developing an Indicator Base Study for Social Sustainability: The Case of Walled City of Famagusta
Despite of many investigations about environmental and economical sustainability, the social sustainability is largely neglected in different studies. In addition, the Walled City which is located in Famagusta, North-Cyprus has not witnessed serious social sustainability studies. In line with the aim of this study to bring back livability of the Walled City, this research has carried out social sustainability as a tool for proposing new ways of bringing. For this reason, after reviewing of varies resources, it has extracted common social suitability criteria‟s. Unlike the vastly magnitude of social sustainability criteria‟s, it has selected only three social sustainability criteria which are mostly common to various studies. Social equity, social interaction, and sense of place criteria are the common criteria selected. To empirical results, the findings of the common criteria have been examined in the case of study. Likewise, it applies quantitative and qualitative methods to make analysis and measure social sustainability. In addition, it has focused on the Walled City of Famagusta that contains nine different zones. In order to observe social sustainability in the Walled City, it has selected only three streets that are located in different zones. Therefore, the street one located in zone one & four, street two located in zone four & six and street three located in zone three are the case study streets. The results indicate that among the three case studies, street two has not success in enhancing social sustainability for bringing livability back to the Walled City in line with the main objective. Nevertheless, the overall results demonstrate that the social equity, social interaction and sense of place criteria have approximately positive impact on enhancement of social sustainability that can help bringing back livability to the Walled City. Keywords: Social Sustainability, Walled City, Famagusta, North Cyprus
An Evaluation on Residential Satisfaction in Historic Urban Quarters: The Case of the Walled City, Famagusta
This study aims to evaluate residential satisfaction in historic urban quarters which are characterized by relatively higher architectural, cultural, and aesthetic values than nonhistoric areas. Nevertheless, historic urban quarters threat more by significant physical and social decay and undesirable environment, functional and physical obsolescence, and poor-quality buildings, material and constructions. These challenges lead to reduce the satisfactions’ levels of residents who live in historic urban quarters as their contemporary needs are not provided and living standards are usually lower. Consequently, to achieve this aim, this study provides extensively a list of factors on the basis of social, environment, economic, and culture dimensions to evaluate residential satisfaction within the contextual provisions of historic urban quarter of Walled City, Famagusta. Besides, this study collected 245 questionnaires from households residing in the historic urban quarters of the Walled City, Famagusta and also 167 households residing outside of the quarters to assess their perception of the identified factors, as well as examine the agreement levels in the opinions of the two participant groups. This study also used the mix method including both the qualitative and quantitative approaches to identify important factors of satisfaction based on resident’s perception, expectations, and experiences. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the results show that eight factors are only important from residents’ perceptions. Findings show that from the economic dimension, “Cost of housing”, “Tenure options” and “Cost of living within the Walled City” are the most important factors of satisfaction. From the social dimension, results showed the “Suitable management rules”, “Security/safety concerns” and “Level of social mix in housing environment” are the most important factors of satisfaction. From the environment dimension, results showed the “Open spaces and green areas” is the most important factor of satisfaction. From the culture dimension, results showed the “Suitability of housing to occupant’s culture” is the most important factor of satisfaction. The findings of this study will help to better understand the residents’ perceptions, expectations and experiences in historic urban quarter of the Walled City, Famagusta and are useful to housing policy decision-makers, urban planners, and municipalities to improve residential environments in line with the contemporary needs and expectations of residents. The results of this study also provide some insights that contribute to residential satisfaction literature as it opens a new window for further studies to test and apply the important factors in a case-study based survey of other historic houses and urban areas. Furthermore, it can be considered a crucial step in the sustainable development process, as identifying the determinants of residential satisfaction helps to satisfy the contemporary needs of residents in physically degraded and urban fabric deteriorated historical environments.
Emergency service location study for city of Famagusta in geographic information system
ABSTRACT: In this study the location selection process related to fire stations in Famagusta city has been enhanced by applying Quantum Geographic Information Systems (QGIS) and Python programming language. This procedure led to obtaining the optimum emergency service location based on the minimization of response time. This study aims to commence service coverage modeling in a consistent demand region, with road availability considerations. On the other hand, this study concentrated on the capability of GIS to create service areas by means of the travel time regions in a facility location model named the maximal service area problem (MSAP). This model is referred to emergency facilities for the situation where accessibility is the main requirement. The purpose of this model (MSAP) is to maximize the overall service area of a determined number of facilities. Moreover, this study aims to state the capability of GIS to establish the suitable service areas of fire stations in Famagusta city and for achieving a maximal overall service area from a specific fire station facilities based on three alternatives. In this study three alternatives are assigned in this study including (a) Defining the best location for only one fire station in city, (b) Defining the best location for 1 fire station when several other fire stations are also located in the city and (c) Defining the best location when two fire stations are active concurrently. According to this study, when only one fire station in city is assumed, nodes 230 and 231that placed around the signalized intersection joining Mustafa Kemal Boulevard and Topçular Boulevard in Gazimağusa are the most important. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Virtual Socialization, Sharing and Loneliness Level of Primary School Teachers: A Case Study of Famagusta, North Cyprus
In social sciences environment is becoming very essential in any given field. Virtual learning environment is one of the on-going trends in our primary education today. In fact, it has been increasingly luring the social scientists who dedicate most of their studies in field researches. The main purpose of this study is to find out teachers perspective about a virtual learning environment, with regards to virtual socialization, virtual sharing and to investigate the loneliness level of primary school teachers in virtual environment. This thesis make use of a mixed approach in data collection, as data will be retrieved from the participant with the use of a questionnaire aiming to evaluate teachers’ loneliness level in virtual learning environments that will be administered among 153 instructors in 32 Primary schools within the Famagusta District of North Cyprus. In the same vein, a semi-structured interview will be carried out. This study indicates that there is a firm correlation between teachers’ attitudes and virtual learning environments. The main findings of this study show that the level of teachers’ virtual socialization is higher than their loneliness level, and the teachers’ level of virtual sharing was at a lowest level. Keywords: Environment, Virtual Learning, Virtual Learning Environment, Famagusta, North Cyprus
The Cartography of post-Medieval Famagusta: from the 16th to the 19th Centuries
[Abstract Not Available]
The Effect of Burnout on the Turnover Intention: A Study on 5 Star Hotels in Famagusta
Servicing is the one of the most stressful occupations in the 21st century. Hotel employees take a significant role in servicing in hospitality and tourism sector. Being in service sector mainly centred on clients’ problems, and facing and working with people is backbreaking. The emotional pressure, long working hours and shifts, relations and communications with colleagues and managers, active working for long hours, work ambiguity or overloaded work are some of the reasons causes burnout in certain time in hospitality among hotel employees. Burnout is a state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. Burnout syndrome consists of three basic dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, and these dimensions express the changes in the life of the individual experiencing burnout. Burnout closely concerns and affects individuals, businesses and organizations. Hotel businesses and employees are also one of the sectors closely affected. In hospitality and tourism sector work conditions and laws unsatisfactory in Northern Cyprus. Compered to developed countries in Famagusta region in Northern Cyprus hotels have worse conditions for employees. Furthermore lack of governmental controls, inspections causes illegal shifts and overloaded work, which are non-ethical work conditions, affects employees’ emotions and physical conditions negatively. The aim of the current study is to consider hotel employees’ burnout level affects on turnover intention. This study conducted on five-star hotel employees in Famagusta. Two fıve-star hotels located in Famagusta region. 280 hotel employees voluntarily participated in this research. 204 of participants totally complete the questionnaires. According to the ANOVA test p-value result (p<0.05=0.005) an important positive relationship found between burnout and turnover intention. Burnout affects hotel employees’ turnover intentions. Keywords: hotel employees, burnout, turnover intention, Northern Cyprus, hotels, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, Famagusta, five stared hotels
The Application Of Thermal Insulation And Its Feasibility On Existing Building Within The Context Of Sustainability: The Case Of Famagusta, Northern Cyprus
In this research, a major global problem the climate change and how to overcome them in construction through sustainable solutions. The worldwide trend is currently to solve the problem of global warming that directly affects climate change and other issues associated with it. Everyone has a responsibility to find lasting solutions to the problem of rising temperatures. From this standpoint, we conclude that not using modern construction methods and not using thermal insulation directly affect the environment. In this research, the focus was on the problem of housing in the city of Famagusta, and the buildings do not meet many engineering standards, which causes inconvenience to users and puts pressure on government electricity generators which leads to many power outages in this crowded city. By discussing the main problem, the researcher produced a clear and direct way to confront that problem, as the use of thermal insulation is essential in design and construction and must be considered, as it will reduce electricity consumption, increase thermal comfort inside the building, and contribute to reducing the level of carbon and preserving on the environment. Using simulation programs was made for two cases, and the variable was determined, which is the external walls, specifically the presence of thermal insulation or not. It was confirmed that the presence of thermal insulation contributes to reducing heat and energy losses by between 26% and 30% And here it was emphasized that to obtain a more energy-efficient building, thermal insulation must be used in the external walls of the building because of its positive impact on the thermal comfort inside the building, as well as saving energy and money consuming electricity.
Variety as a Key to Responsive Environments: Students’ Evaluations of Public Open Spaces on Eastern Mediterranean University Campus
The observations on many university campuses illustrate that some of the activities like meeting, eating, sitting, chatting, waiting, studying, and even protests take place outdoors. In this context, students from different environments and other users of different ages, cultures, and with different needs may use the public open spaces of a campus. Accordingly, the quality of variety emerges as a significant quality. In this thesis, first, variety as key factor of responsive environments and the public open spaces will be explored through a literature survey. In this regard, according to the main question of this study about how variety can effect on quality of public open spaces, and by considering three main factors of variety including variety of uses, variety of users and variety of forms, on the basis of students’ evaluations and site observation in the open spaces in Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) campus, the most and the least preferred public open spaces of the campus will be selected. In the next step, the selected public open spaces and the role of variety on these spaces will be investigated by three mentioned factors of variety through a questionnaire survey. The research methodology includes literature survey, data collection from both qualitative and quantitative analysis, user survey and observation. Keywords: Responsive environments, public open spaces, variety, EMU campus, Famagusta, North Cyprus
Response Behaviour of Edu-tourists to COVID-19: A Case of Edu-tourism Destination
The sudden closure by universities’ campuses across the globe, amid the coronavirus outbreak, brought out several adverse effects on the Edu-tourism, including boredom. Delineated by the arousal and planned behaviour theories, this research developed a conceptual framework investigating the impact of boredom on attitude and behaviours and their indirect impacts through psychological distress among the international students at the Eastern Mediterranean University during the COVİD‐19 pandemic. Partial least square (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse data from a sample of 260 students to explore the fore-mentioned relationships. The multigroup analysis was run to assess different responses of the students based on their gender and age. The research findings underscored the significant negative effect of boredom on edu-tourists attitude and insignificant positive effects on behaviour. Equally, the results of the link between students attitude and behaviour did not show any significance. Also, the mediation results demonstrated that psychological distress does not have any mediation effects. On the other hand, the results of the multigroup analysis unearth different responses by students on COVID-19. The male and female, the young and older students, have different reactionstowards the coronavirus pandemic. The study provides practical and theoretical implications, limitations and areas for further research. Keywords: COVID-19, Edu-tourists, Edu-tourism, state of boredom, psychological distress, Edu-tourists attitude, Edu-tourists behaviour.
Exploring the Influence of Translocation Factors on International Students’ Well-being
Un-dubiously, the pivot of human performance has been established based on a healthy lifestyle and general well- being. Plenty of studies have argued the involvement of different factors that can manipulate a healthy lifestyle. Between all these factors, translocation stressors have been singled out, addressed in depth among immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers, nomadic native people, newly translocated individuals and migrating ethnic groups. On the contrary, the impact of this phenomenon has not been exhausted in-depth, on the most vulnerable nomadic population, “international students” as they temporarily dwell overseas. In this particular study, a healthy lifestyle was measured by diet, sleep and lack of stress. We presumed that stress due to translocation, specifically acculturative stressors can tamper with sleep patterns and a healthy lifestyle of international students, who were studying master of tourism management at Eastern Mediterranean University, located in North Cyprus. In this study, both genders, different ages (mean of 25), different communities such as: Africans (Nigerians, Moroccans), Middle Easterners (Iranians), Asians (Tajiks, Jordanians, Pakistanis, Turkmen, and plantains) and Europe (Russians) were taken into equation. In order to attain the purpose of this study, data compiled via an inductive approach (self-administered interview). Participants approached through email or their personal contact numbers to attend in either one o’ one or group interviewees in order to establish a transparent picture on the translocation stressors which could create emotional stress for the subject in the novel environment. In conclusion, among all the introduced stressors, financial impediments and language barrier [academic/host community] were highlighted as chief stressors, which reinforced the results of previous studies over physiological and psychological impact on the sleep cycle, nutritional behavior and further down the road, well-being of international students. Keywords: International students, Dietary patterns, Sleep cycle, Healthy life-style, Acculturative stress, Translocation stress, Emotional regulation strategy
Motivational Factors for International Students-A Comparative Study: The Case of North Cyprus
Educational tourism is one of the most demanded sectors in tourism industry. Edu-tourism has variety of forms and models, all edu-tourism forms hast some in common parts. Traveling not only help self-improvement and self-change, also it will bring peace and relaxation. Education at the same time with traveling and changing environment can be fun and full of joy. This type of education and learning can be enjoyable for any ages. The focus of this study is to explore and examine the motivational factors for international students. There are several types of factors that are important for students also these factors for students in terms of priority and importance depends on their countries and their cultures plus what students wants from the destination. This comparative quantitative study is applied to investigate the topic through questionnaire from students from Iran and African countries that are studying in Eastern Mediterranean University, to realize that what factors are important for students from which countries. The questionnaire was separated in 8 different part and factors; cost, quality, environmental, regulatory, cultural, political, safety and social factors. In addition, the study discovered that most students are agree with environmental factors as the motivational factors and almost 50 percent are disagree or strongly disagree with political as a motivational factor. Also safety and regulatory factors have the neutral importance among other factors. Keywords: tourism, educational tourism, motivational factor, studying abroad, case of TRNC.
The ‘CreXperience City’: Setting up a Branding Strategy for Small Cities: The Case of Famagusta
City branding is a world wide increasing phenomenon. Cities are working hard to keep up with this trend and try setting themselves into the right scene with attractive and appealing images. Competition today is far more than competing for tourists, but also for new residents and investors. However, examination of the existing branding strategies shows, that they are mainly developed for larger cities, whereas small cities often cannot adapt them to their own case. As a result small cities are often focused on their locational attractiveness, such as climate, natural beauty and heritage for promoting themselves. However, such an approach would not always be successful since firstly, only values and opportunities of small cities would only be partially covered. Secondly, small cities are fragile against external influences such as natural catastrophes, global financial crisis or a simple change in the taste of tourists. The aim of this study is to identify solutions for smaller cities while considering a wider range of values and opportunities beyond locational qualities. Accordingly, this study intends to suggest the basic ideas and structure for an alternative branding strategy for small cities through evaluating their given assets and considering all other potentials. This thesis first sets out to present an overview of city branding, its evolution and applications, while focusing on image determination and branding process. The thesis then overviews and compares current branding strategies, while focusing on two most recent branding strategies: the creative city and the experience city. It becomes clear that most branding strategies are developed for larger or mega cities, while smaller cities are often neglected. Based on this, this thesis aims to identify an approach for small cities that fits best to their needs and consider all potentials. This study argues that the most appropriate approach for small cities is a strategy that combines dimensions of the creative city and experience city. Based on this, a hybrid model for small city branding is developed: the creXperience city strategy. Lastly, the proposed model has been applied to the city of Famagusta in order to, firstly, check the validity of the proposed hybrid strategy; secondly, evaluate the potential of the city of Famagusta as a creXperience city. Keywords: City branding, small cities, creative city, experience city, Famagusta
Examining the Impact of Covid-19 on Restaurants: the Case of Famagusta/TRNC
In the 21st century, the world is facing a phenomenon called COVID-19, which can be called the most dangerous and challenging human phenomenon after the Spanish flu of 1918-1920. This study aims to investigate the effect of Covid-19 on Famagusta restaurants. Restaurant services and location play an important role in terms of customer experience that can lead to customer satisfaction and loyalty in the restaurant industry in a pandemic. Northern Cyprus government has imposed Movement Control Order (MCO) for preventing the spread of this disease. The main purpose of this thesis is to understand what effects Covid-19 has had on the Famagusta restaurants. By examining how restaurant services work during this pandemic to survive, we can examine the impacts of Covid-19 on restaurants. In between the 14 restaurants interviewed, all of them are in the same location. However, some of them are fast food, some are family restaurants, and some have a brand, which we will see the effects of the pandemic have almost the same effect on Famagusta restaurants. However, the reactions of restaurant owners before these challenges are similar in some cases. In this dissertation, we will explain more about their problems and their acts, according to interviewed with Famagusta restaurant owners/managers. To better understand the impact of covid-19 on restaurants in Famagusta/TRNC, we used a qualitative method to conduct face-to-face interviews.
Comparative Study on the British Colonial School Buildings in Old Calabar (Nigeria) and Famagusta (North Cyprus)
British Colonial Period in various colonies in the world exerted impacts on the total life of the colonized, showing in physical layout modifications, socio-political institutional structures, economic and infrastructural development dimensions of the settlements. Schools in British Period served as Imperial syndicate to enforce compliance through formal education, community meeting place and centers for extra-curricular activities. The school buildings stood as icon and heritage assets in their locations with measures of both tangible and intangible heritage values. They also represent the Colonial Architecture of British Empire that shows hybridization of local and modern stylistic approaches and box philosophy of design. Today their historical, architectural, environmental and educational significance should construe the evidence for registering and preserving them for future generations. This research aims to compare the school buildings of the British colonial period in Old Calabar, Nigeria and Famagusta, North Cyprus. The methodology of the thesis is qualitative method, firstly via literature reviews of the keywords of the thesis title. Secondly, through case study that entails field survey to make selection based on the school buildings that were built during British Period in Old Calabar, Nigeria (1885-1960) and Famagusta, North Cyprus (1878-1960). The field study area will be limited to the 2 Local Government Areas in Calabar and 13 districts in Famagusta. The case study involves historic analysis and physical analysis of the selected cases that will be supported by observations, photographs and measurements to achieve the stated aims. In order to appreciate the physical characteristics of the buildings their architectural assessment will be limited to the spatial organization, formal organization, architectural details, building materials and structural system of each case. This thesis has five Chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the need for studying the subject and background of the study. Chapter 2 includes the theoretical framework through literature review of British Colonial Architecture and Colonial schools. The British Colonial Period in Calabar and Famagusta will be discussed in Chapter 3. The analysis of the selected school buildings and the findings on the comparison of the school buildings of the two regions will be given in Chapter 4, regarding their architectural assessments’ outcome. Chapter 5 takes up the conclusion of the thesis. The findings generated proves that linear spatial organization, load bearing structural system, repetition of spaces with similar functions, use of materials like (stones, wood, metal, glass and concrete) constitute the similarities between the schools. Differences occurs in the arcades form, roof form and slope and the wall thickness between two context’s school structures. For the differences, Calabar school buildings show repetition of arcaded/straight terraces, steep roof slopes and slender stone walls while Famagusta ones show repetition of arcades with straight post and lintel character, flat/gentle roof slopes and massive stone walls due to the contrasting climatic conditions. Keywords: British Colonial period, British Colonial architecture, school buildings, Old Calabar, Famagusta.
Evidence of the Nature, Impact and Diversity of Slavery in 14th Century Famagusta as Seen Through the Genoese Notarial Acts of Lamberto di Sambuceto and Giovanni da Rocha and the Venetian Notarial Acts of Nicola de Boateriis
This thesis addresses the impact and diversity of slavery in the city of Famagusta between 1300 and 1362 as observed through the Genoese notarial acts of Lamberto di Sambuceto and Giovanni da Rocha, as well as the Venetian notarial Acts of Nicola de Boateriis. It aims to open a scholarly window into slavery and slave trading activities in the city from a Genoese and Venetian point of view. In this regard, it includes an analysis (synthesis) of the slave population in the city, observing their origin, marketing, age groups, sex, price, social status, daily life and their relations with their masters. The role of Famagusta for international and internal slave trading, and its networks with other provinces, are also observed. Thus, the importance of Famagusta has also been shown as a place to help in the transportation of slaves in international slave trading. The main aim of this thesis is to construct an argument against the general ideas of historians such as Patterson and Dockes who contend that slaves were an isolated community; that they did not socially exist outside of their masters‟ spheres of influence and were described as a subhuman species because of their alienation from citizenship. In this respect, this thesis claims, with examples from notarial deeds in the 14th century, that contacts between slaves also existed with third parties in Famagusta in particular, and the island of Cyprus in general. All these acts treat Famagusta as a commercial harbour city at the very heart of trade, and so offer a good insight into related economic and trading activities.