Spatial development of the Besni city and problems related to urbanization

The emergence and periods of urbanization movements around the world do not present an integrity. The urbanization movement that started with the Industrial Revolution began to be seen in our country after 1950 and continued rapidly after 1980. Due to the emergence of new spatial development areas in settlements whose population increased due to the urbanization movement, changes in the spatial development of the city are also observed in some settlements. While the urbanization event took place, it took place rapidly especially in some regions and accordingly, unplanned, unplanned settlements and slums emerged. Therefore, problems related to social life, culture, economy, environment, health and infrastructure have occurred in cities. Besni settlement, which is the study area, is a city center of Adıyaman in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. The city of Besni has emerged as a settlement area since ancient times and is an important administrative district settlement within the Mesopotamia Region. While the population of the city was 7014 in 1927, it increased to 34584 in 2019 and the city population in general increased continuously. Although the dominant economic function in the city of Besni is the service sector, the share of the industry and construction sectors is also substantial. Commercial workplaces are predominant due to the high rural population in the city's impact zone. After 2000, migration from rural areas to the city center has increased and the spatial development of the city towards the west has been accelerated. It was established as a settlement with a defense function in the foreground around the Besni castle, which constitutes the first foundation of the city. Due to the fact that the land on which it was established has a sloping, narrow and rugged structure, it has changed over time. Accordingly, the current city area is 5 km from the city capital. New city moves took place quickly; Besni urban problems have arisen due to unplanned and irregular growth. In this page, the effect of geographical characteristics on the urbanization of the settlement, displacement and the part that occurred in the period from the first area where Besni was established until today has been examined. In addition, the history of new spatial development has been tried to be examined with a geography perspective and the problems arising with the phenomenon of urbanization are evaluated. Keywords: City, Spatial Development, Besni, Function, Problems