Digitalis trojana ivan?ın doku kültürü ve biyolojik aktivitesinin değerlendirilmesi

The genus Digitalis involves poisonous plants that has a long history of use in the treatment of heart diseases including myocardial infarction, edema, angina, cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and arterial hypertension due to their rich cardiac glycosides content. Digitalis trojana (Helen of troy foxglove) is a Turkish endemic plant which is found in Kazdağı, Edremit/Balıkesir. In this study, callogenesis potential of D. trojana was determined and a protocol for callus induction was established. Collected D. trojana seeds were surface sterilized in 40 % commercial bleach with a few drops of tween-20 for 15 minutes using a sonicator, and finally rinsed with sterile distilled water for three times. Surface sterilized seeds of D. trojana were germinated on Murashige and Skoog?s medim (MS) containing 0.3 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3). Two different explants (leaf lamina and petiole segments) were obtained from 7 weeks-old sterile seedlings and cultured on MS medium containing TDZ and IAA combinations. Best callus formation was obtained with 1.0 mg/l TDZ and 0.5 mg/l IAA (100 % frequency of callusing). Leaf lamina explants were found to be more productive in terms of callus production than petiole explants.Two different bioassays (antibacterial and antitumor) were performed to show the biological activities of D. trojana extracts. They were evaluated between field-grown plant materials (leaf, stem, fruit) and in vitro-grown plant materials (calli and in vitro seedlings) using ten different extracts [ethanol extracts of in vitro-grown (IE1, IE2) and field-grown (FE1, FE2, FE3) plant materials, and aqueous extract of in vitro-grown (IW1, IW2) and field-grown (FW1, FW2, FW3) plant materials].Best antibacterial activity was observed with water (IW1) and ethanol extracts (IE1) of in vitro seedlings against Streptococcus pyogenes which is a gram-positive bacterium. Antitumor activity was evaluated with potato disc diffusion bioassay. All D. trojana extracts showed antitumor activity and % tumor inhibition was more than 50 % for all extracts. Water extract of field-grown leaf (FW1) exhibited better % tumor inhibition than other extracts. It was proved that antitumor action of extracts was on the formation of tumors and not on the viability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.