Determination of exercise and metformin applications of spexin expression in liver, heart and skeletal muscle tissues of obese rats by ELISA and imunohistochemical methods

Obesity, which is currently an epidemic in rich nations as a result of adopting a sedentary lifestyle as a result of technological advancements, has begun to appear at an increasing rate in emerging countries. It is critical to treat obesity and better understand the disease's underlying causes. Metformin has recently been used in the treatment of obesity due to its weight-loss impact. The purpose of this study was to look into the effects of exercise and metformin on spexin expression in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues of male rats with diet-induced obesity. The study employed 36 male Spraque-Dawley rats who were eight weeks old. Decapitated rats were separated into six groups: control, obese control, exercise, metformin, and metformin+exercise. During four weeks, an activity program (30min/day, 5day/week) was implemented, and metformin (150mg/kg/day/oral) was administered through gavage. ELISA and immunohistochemistry techniques were utilized to assess the amounts of certain proteins in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle tissue homogenates used in the analysis. For data analysis, the SPSS package application was employed. Because the data had a normal distribution, One Way ANOVA was used to disclose the differences between the groups, and the Tukey test, one of the Post-Hoc tests, was used to establish which group the difference originated from, with p<0,05 accepted as the significant threshold. According to the findings, there was a substantial difference in body weights across all groups after four weeks of exercise and metformin treatment. There were substantial changes in the expression levels of spexin in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues across the groups, which were verified by immunohistochemical techniques. Ultimately, the findings from our study show that the spexin molecule is synthesized in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues. Aerobic exercise raises the expression of spexin in certain tissues. Similarly, metformin treatment produced similar outcomes. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that obese persons may lose weight naturally by exercising, that obesity can be controlled, and that those who do not have access to exercise can lose weight by taking metformin.