Farklı geribildirim durumlarının çocukların gönderme anlatımları üzerindeki etkileri

Proper linguistic identification of referents has been repeatedly found to be challenging for young children, especially via relative clauses in the Turkish language. We investigate the extent to which Turkish-learning children between the ages of 2 and 4 can be trained to use referential forms that include relative clauses and other uniquely identifying referring expressions in requesting a sticker from an adult. We also examine the link between using informative and syntactically complex referential expressions (e.g., relative clauses) and the rate and type of disfluencies displayed in speech.How children referred to a target sticker from among several types of distracters was assessed in a pretest and a posttest following a training procedure. In both tests, the task of the child was to request a target sticker from Experimenter 2 standing on the other side of the room to make his/her book the same as the Experimenter 1?s book, following a procedure developed by Matthews, Lieven and Tomasello (2007). Three different training conditions were run where children were modeled on three different constructions: the relative clause feedback condition ( i.e., pasta yiyen kızı seçtin `you selected the girl eating cake?), the demonstrative-noun phrase feedback condition (i.e., o kızı seçtin `you selected that girl?) and general feedback condition (i..e., güzel seçtin `you did a nice selection?).The results of the experiment indicated that children as young as 36 months can learn to productively employ relative clauses and to be more informative in their referring expressions when they are modeled about relative clause constructions in a training session. We could not find any increments in the rate of total speech disfluencies when children produced relatively more informative and syntactically complex referring expressions. Discussion focuses on when and how young childrenlearn to produce referential forms that include relative clauses and other uniquely identifying referring expressions.