Determination of drought resistance of Southeast Anatolia Region wheat cultivars with some agricultural and physiological parameters

One of the most important factors limiting wheat yield in the Southeastern Anatolia Region is the drought, which is caused by inadequate precipitation and irregular distribution of the year. Four different bread and durum wheat cultivars (Sarıçanak-98, Fırat-93, Pehlivan, Ceyhan-99) which were widely cultivated in the region were used as material in the study. The experiment was carried out with 3 replications, according to the design of random blocks in split plot. The research was carried out in greenhouse conditions with pots of 18 kg soil volume. The effects of four different drought applications on the wheat development, yield and plant mineral content were investigated in irrigated conditions (K0), early drought (K1), late drought (K2) and full drought (K3). In different drought applications; leaf area (31.36 K0), plant green area (138.73 cm2, K0), fertile stem ratio ((93.72), plant height (69.93, cm K0), number of the spikelets in the spike (17,12, K0), thousand grain weight, grain yield (42.71 g, K0), harvest index (30.14 %, K0), green field photosynthesis activity (2.17, K0), chlorophyll content (61.10%, K0), the number of grain in the spike were found to be statistically significant. such as the characters Leaf area index, green field index, number of spikes, are not statistically significant results. As a result of the study, 9.12% loss was observed in the application of drought in chlorophyll content based on the water conditions in the data obtained from different drought applications. In leaf area 21.68%, in plant green field 28.98%, in the number of spikelet in spike 31.19% and in plant height 52.09% declines were recorded. In full drought conditions, up to 100% loss was observed in terms of fertile stem ratio, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, green field photosynthesis activity and number of grain in spike. As a result of the responses of the cultivars to different drought applications; Pehlivan bread wheat cultivar was observed to be superior to other varieties in terms of plant green area, leaf area index, number of spikes per square meter and weight of thousand grain weights. Sarıçanak-98 cultivar is the only plant height that has the best average character of all kinds of drought applications. The best two averages of the Fırat-93 cultivar in drought applications were the number of spikelets in spike and chlorophyll content. The seven characters that Ceyhan-99 showed best avarege in terms of drought applications were leaf area, green field index, fertile stem ratio, number of grains in spike, grain yield, harvest index, green area photosynthesis activity. It was found that the amount of potassium (K) was changed between 8.82 mg (K2) and 10.31 mg (K3), the amount of calcium (Ca) was changed between 7.15 mg (K3) and 17.20 mg (K2) was found to vary between 9.10 mg (K2) and 14.51 mg (K0),and the amount of sodium (Na) was changed between 9.10 mg (K2) and 14.51 mg (K0) at root. It was found that the amount of potassium (K) in plant stem parts changed from 13.09 mg (K0) to 18.71 mg (K1), the amount of calcium (Ca) changed from 10.63 mg (K2) to 13.47 g (K3) and the amount of sodium and between 3.35 mg (K1) and 18.90 mg (K3).