The effect of geography and culture on hadith narration in the peri̇od of companions

The human live in a time zone, a place and a cultural environment. The cultural environment in which he lives affects his life in all respects significantly. The companions went to various regions for different reasons and they narrated the words and practices of the Prophet to other generations. In this study, it is aimed to reveal that the human geography and cultural characteristics of the region where the Companions lived, affect the hadith narration. At this point, firstly, in the introduction part of the study, the concepts of geography, culture and narration are introduced and the relationship between them in terms of hadith science was explained. One of the important differences between regions is language. There is a reciprocal interaction between language and regional culture. The words used in the hadiths that were narrated by the companions also differed according to the region they lived in. In the second chapter of the study, firstly the effect of geography and culture on narration by meaning is examined and it is understood that the region and its culture affect the narration by meaning. In this chapter, secondly, the effects of hadiths narrated by the companions to these understanding are examined, based on the fiqh understanding in different regions. As a result of the research, it was seen that the knowledge and narration of the hadith of the Companions in a region were effective in the development of the fiqh understanding in that region. In the last title of the second chapter, the concept of "reason of narration" has been redefined based on the role of human geography in the hadith narration. In this part of the study, it has been determined that political attitudes in different regions and human geography affect the hadith narration and it is an important reason of narration. In the last chapter of the study, the effect of cultural differences on fabrication of hadith is examined. It has been determined that hadith fabrication activity has been applied in line with the political attitude of the region with the effect of human geography. It has been understood that fabricated hadiths in support of Ali in Iraq and in support of Muawiyah in Syria. However, it is seen that the people who fabricated the hadith reflect the culture of the society they are in and the mythological figures of the previous religions to the narratives they fabricated. Finally, the necessity of researching the hadith and the history of hadith together with sociology, anthropology and human geography has been understood.