Comparison of serum vitamin D, calcium and magnesium levels with nutritional habits among type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic individuals

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and serum vitamin D, calcium and magnesium levels by comparing serum vitamin D, calcium and magnesium levels with nutritional habits, anthropometric measurements, physical activity levels and some biochemical findings of both type 2 diabetics and healthy individuals. The study was conducted on patients who consulted to Hakkari State Hospital Internal Medicine Polyclinic between February and March in 2014, and the patients had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the last 5 years. The participants include 51 type 2 diabetic patients (28 men, 23 women aged 25-45), and 51 healthy individuals (20 men, 31 women). Individuals' personal characteristics and some nutritional habits were investigated using a questionnaire. Their nutritional statuses were determined with the help of a food consumption frequency form. Their anthropometric measurements were taken, some biochemical parameters were analyzed and their physical activities were determined. The average age of the type 2 diabetics participating in the study was 39.2±2.0 years, and the average age of healthy individuals was 33.0±5.0 years. The body mass index and waist circumferences for type 2 diabetics were found to be significantly higher than those of the healthy individuals (p<0.05). The measurements show that type 2 diabetics and healthy individuals (84.3% and 86.7% respectively) have deficiency in serum vitamin D, normal ionized calcium (82.3% and 84.3%) and normal magnesium (82.3% and 64.7%). A significant positive correlation between serum vitamin D levels with serum calcium(r=0.217, p=0.028) and the time to benefit from sunlight (r=0.333, p=0.001) was found. No relationship was found between serum vitamin D, calcium and magnesium levels with HOMA-IR. The daily calcium intake for 10.7% of the type 2 diabetic men, 45.0% of the healthy men, 34.8% of type 2 diabetic women, 12.9% of healthy women individuals involved in the study were found to be less than 1000 mg. The body mass index and waist circumferences for type 2 diabetics intake <1000 mg daily calcium were found to be high compared intake >1000 mg daily calcium. According to the results, while no individual between type 2 diabetic women and healthy women intake insufficient magnesium, 96.4% of the type 2 diabetic men and 86.7% of the healthy men intake sufficient amount of magnesium. A significant positive correlation between individuals' magnesium consumption with body weight (r=0.218, p=0.027) and serum calcium levels (r=0.483, p=0.000) was found. Consequently, the significant relationship between serum vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, their dietary intake with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance has not been found.