Theses supervised by Prof. Dr. Volkan Eyüpoğlu
45 theses · Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi
The role of copaptin in changes secondary hypogonadism in men with and without type 1 and 2 DM
This investigation is conducted to study the role of copeptin peptide in changes of the secondary hypogonadism in men with and without type 1 and type 2 of diabetes mellitus and study the correlation between copeptin and some of the biochemical parameters in men with and without Type 1and 2 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that the mean of the copeptin concentration in a blood sample of the three tested groups varied in their levels of copeptin. The results pointed out that the mean of HbA1C levels in the serum of DM2 and DM1 patients were significantly higher than in healthy persons, which recorded 9.30 and 8.06 % as compared to the control group which recorded 5.33 % respectively, the elevated in HbA1C level was associated with increases in copeptin levels considers as a biomarker of diabetes mellitus disease. We found that the elevated copeptin level is associated with the increase in lipid profile such as total triglycerides, total cholesterol HDL and LDL in diabetes patients. The results revealed that the mean CRP levels in serum of DM2 and DM1 patients were significantly higher than in healthy persons, which recorded 12.34 pg/mL and 10.44 pg/mL as compared to the control group which recorded 4.72 pg/mL respectively. The copeptin is considers as a biomarker seems to reflect the disease severity in diabetes patients.
Evaluation of the effect of selenium and some parameters in patients with prostate cancer
This study has conducted on males at different states of prostate cancer to investigate the fluctuations in trace elements. Selenium, cadmium, aluminum, lead, iron, and mercury were investigated. A 200 male were collected for the study and divided into four groups namely; control (50 male), newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients (50 males), prostate cancer patients on chemotherapy (50 male), and prostate cancer patients on hormonal therapy (50 male). The age and body mass index differences among all groups were non-significant. Selenium level was reduced significantly in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients, and reelevated in chemotherapies patients and elevated more in prostate cancer patients on hormonal therapy. Cadmium was increased significantly in chemotherapies patients compared to the rest groups. Aluminum, mercury and lead were increased in the three groups of patients, but the most significant level was observed in chemotherapies patients. Iron level was reduced significantly in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients, and chemotherapies patients. In conclusion, trace elements are suffering great change in prostate cancer disease, and can be used as sensitive prognostic markers.
The in vitro and in silico inhibition mechanism of glutathione reductase by some small molecules
Reduced glutathione (GSH), a product of the antioxidant glutathione reductase (GR), has a dual function in affected cells and is thus a therapeutic target for many diseases. The purpose of this investigation was to include new GR inhibitors in the current scientific literature. Some modifications were made to the original coumarin structure, and a docking research against the enzyme was performed in this investigation. Here, the standard coumarin structure was modified and bound to an enzyme using the Molegro Virtual Docker software. Docking experiments were performed on the crystal structure of human glutathione reductase (PDB ID: 2GH5). Template values for coumarin isotopes ranged from -158.567 to 109.516. The degree of affinity for the enzyme glutathione reductase. The results indicate that with a little tweaking, coumarin derivatives can be used to effectively block the enzyme Glutathione Reductase. In this study, eight complexes were used, and one of these complexes The Cu (S1M-S2) molecule 2 inhibited the GR enzyme, to put it another way. At an IC50 value of 7.92168 µM, Cu(S1M-S2)2 was shown to inhibit the GR enzyme, and 3D interaction maps between the two were shown.
The relationship between serum apelin and some markers in Iraqi patients with atherosclerosis
To assess the severity and progression of coronary atherosclerosis, the study's goals were to measure the role of apelin levels in the progression of atherosclerosis patients and healthy volunteers and to look into any potential relationships between apelin and the parameters examined in patients with coronary atherosclerosis in the AL-Anbar Governorate of Iraq. In this study, Ninety participants defferent age from 40 to 73 years were included. There were two groups formed from them: The first group of patients was made up of 60 patients and 40 control group. Levels of apelin in the patient were significantly decreased than in the control. Serum concentrations of cTn-I, CK-MB, LDH, and AST were all significantly decreased in patients compared to healthy controls. Serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG levels were all significantly higher (p<0.001) and HDL-C level significantly lower (P<0.001) in patients compared with healthy controls. Glucose levels in the patients were 6.18 compared to 4.64 in controls (P<0.0001). HbA1c levels were 3.41 in patients and 1.15 % in controls (P<0.0001). Plasma apelin was strongly negatively associated with BMI, serum CK-MB, LDH, AST, cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C levels, and significantly positively correlated with HDL-C. These findings may indicate a prognostic function of apelin, at least in the development of atherosclerosis.
Ibn Alnafees hastanesi acil durum bölümüne katılan hastalarda kalp yetmezliği olan hastalarda B tipi doğal peptit düzeyleri
This study was conducted on 130 subjects to investigate some of the biochemical changes that happens during heart failure condition. Eighty subjects of the 130 were diagnosed with heart failure while the rest 50 were healthy to control the study. B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), troponin T, creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were analyzed for each subject. The results have shown significant increase in the levels of BNP, troponin T, and creatinine in heart failure patients compared to control. Moreover, the activity of LDH was increased significantly in heart failure patients compared to control. FBS on the other hand did not change significantly between patients and control. The lipid profile parameters were changed significantly in heart failure compared to control. In conclusion, heart failure has shown strong effect on the renal function, and BNP has played significant role in the pathophysiology of heart failure.
The relationship between nesfatin-1, vitamin D and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
This Study on the roles of total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), nesfatin-1, and vitamin D in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome involved 130 participants (PCOS). 80 women with a body mass index (BMI) of 27.54±1.74 kg/m2 were identified as having PCOS, while 50 healthy women with a BMI of 25±48 2.81 kg/m2 served as controls. The results indicated significant increase in the levels of TOS and MDA with a decrease in the levels of vitamin D and nesfatin-1 in PCOS women compared to control. Moreover, the blood glucose level was observed to be higher in PCOS compared to control. Testosterone and Luteinizing Hormone were increased also in PCOS women. On the other hand, Follicle Stimulating Hormone level was non- significantly different between PCOS women and control. Also, PCOS women have shown negative correlation between nesfatin-1 and BMI, and positive correlation between TOS and MDA.
The effect of metformin on the absorption of vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine and creatinin; a cross sectional study in Karbala province
Recent studies have related to estimate the effect of metformin and other anti-diabetic medication on the absorption of vitamin B12, folic acid, creatinin and homocysteine in patients with diabetes-mellitus type 2. This cross-sectional study will be accomplished over patients with different parameters including weight, age, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, duration of metformin usage, and the dosage of metformin. The results will be studied under light of control group. Samples size of 300 diabetic patients of type 2, with age ranged between 35-75 years, and a control group consisting of 30 healthy people will be collected from Karbala province/Iraq. As a result, the diabetic patients that taking metformin recorded higher value for both vitamin B12 and homocysteine, and lower value was recorded in term of folate in comparison with patients on other antidiabetic drugs or patients on baseline (recently diagnosed). Also, there is not statistically differences in the term of (age, weight, BMI and creatinin) between the groups under studying, meanwhile a statistically differences were observed in term of HbA1c and fasting blood glucose between the investigated groups. Further, the results revealed that the duration and the dose of metformin have considerable impact over vitamin B12 deficiency deterioration.
Evaluation of ldh enzyme activity and some biochemical variables in the blood of patients with kidney disease in Kirkuk
The aim of the thesis: Detection of LDH enzyme activity in the blood of patients with kidney disease compared to healthy people. Ninety samples of kidney patients were selected for the age group from 25 to 55 years and were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 30 samples of patients ranging in age from 25 to 35 years, the second of 30 samples of the injured are for the age group from 35 to 55 years, and the third group: of 30 samples of healthy people. The results of the study indicated the effect of age directly on kidney patients, and that the success rate of kidney transplantation in the Middle Ages was greater than that of adults. Urea and creatinine are diagnostic chemical tests for kidney patients. Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme had an active role and its levels were significantly affected when compared to the control group, more studies are needed on the role of lactate dehydrogenase in the development of kidney disease. Total fat had important indicators with statistical significance. It could be a sign of fat accumulation and thus increase pressure on the kidneys in filtering rates and thus result in kidney failure. Liver enzymes and calcium did not have a clear effect, although there were some statistical differences. When conducting Pearson's test to find out the association between LDH enzyme with blood urea, creatinine, HDL, GOT, GPTK, and Cathe value of r = 0.123 at P = 0.249.
The study on some liver enzymatic activities among patients with liver disease in Al-Diwaniyah province
The liver is the largest organ in human body. Facilitates digestion, energy storage, and waste elimination. Infectious factors like hepatitis A, B, and C are the cause of many ailments. Liver disease may also be exacerbated by the use of drugs, poisons, and large quantities of alcohol. Those who have developed cirrhosis or fatty liver disease are not alone. In addition to liver cancer. Fluctuations in liver enzyme levels are a common diagnostic and treatment challenge in general clinical practice. It might be challenging to sort through all of the potential diagnosis, even for a seasoned physician. Focusing on certain liver enzymes has allowed the researchers to ascertain whether or not a patient is suffering from liver disease. The ELISA technique was employed to look into liver enzymes, obtained results showed that protein levels had dropped, including albumin. Enzyme levels of ALT and AST changed by increasing during liver infection. In conclusion, Aminotransferase levels can vary from normal to over 10 times the upper limit of normal, depending on the degree of liver elevated enzymes due to cardiovascular disease. The total protein cutoff value of 5.8 is used to diagnose liver disease, while the albumin cutoff value of 3.95 is used as a good predictor of liver illness.
The study of role apelin, glucose, vitamin D and some biochemical parameters in children with KFD
At the current research we attempt to study the change in apelin, vitamin D, and arginase as principal biomarkers in children and teenagers with renal failure (RF) disease. Two groups of control were enrolled according to their age to get an optimum comparison strategy, leaving the effect of age (especially the changes that happen during puberty) out of the study. The results have shown non-significant change of apelin level between patients and control neither in children nor in teenagers. While serum vitamin D level was reduced in RF patients of both children and teenagers compared to the corresponded control, whereas the level of vitamin D was non-significantly differed between children and teenagers. Serum arginase level was increased significantly in RF patients of both children and teenagers compared to control, and the teenagers have shown significant higher levels of arginase compared to children with RF disease. Vitamin D was correlated negatively with arginase in children with RF disease. At last, vitamin D and arginase can be used to monitor the RF cases in children and young people to avoid the health consequences arises from the upregulation of these two parameters, while apelin was found to be unassociated with the pathophysiology of renal failure in children and teenagers.
Asprosin as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome & diabetes mellitus in Iraqi females
Bu çalışmada asprosinin tip 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ve metabolik sendrom (MetS) tedavisinde değerli bir faktör olup olamayacağını araştırma çabası vardı. Lipid profillerini, glukoz seviyelerini, insülin seviyelerini, yüksek duyarlıklı C-reaktif protein (hs-CRP) seviyelerini ve glise hemoglobin (HbA1c) seviyelerini üç grupta karşılaştırdılar: T2DM'li 40 kişi, MetS'li 40 kişi ve 50 sağlıklı bireyler kontrol olarak kullanıldı. Sonuçlar, hem T2DM hem de MetS gruplarının kontrol grubuna kıyasla daha yüksek kan şekeri ve HbA1c seviyelerine sahip olduğunu gösterdi, bu da bu hastalarda daha zayıf glisemik kontrole işaret ediyor. Ek olarak, hem MetS hem de tip 2 diyabetin altında yatan temel bir faktör olan insülin direncinin karakteristik bir özelliği olan hem T2DM hem de MetS gruplarında artmış insülin seviyeleri gözlendi. Üç grup arasında MetS'li bireyler, artmış kardiyovasküler komplikasyon risklerine katkıda bulunabilecek en belirgin lipid profillerine sahipti. Ayrıca çalışma, hem T2DM hem de MetS hastalarında asprosin seviyelerinin önemli ölçüde yükseldiğini keşfetti ve bu da asprosin ile bu durumların gelişimi arasında potansiyel bir bağlantı olduğunu düşündürdü. Asprosin düzeylerinin MetS'lilerde T2DM'lilere göre daha yüksek bulunması, asprosin ile MetS'nin ciddiyeti arasında potansiyel bir ilişki olduğunu gösterir. T2DM ve MetS hastalarında gözlemlenen daha yüksek hs-CRP seviyeleri, inflamasyonun bu metabolik bozuklukların patogenezinde çok önemli bir rol oynadığı fikrini daha da desteklemektedir. Bulgular, potansiyel olarak ortak bir etiyolojik yolu paylaşan asprosinin hem T2DM hem de MetS gelişiminde çok önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Asprosin, etki mekanizmalarını ve bu metabolik koşulları yönetmek için terapötik bir ajan olarak potansiyelini daha iyi anlamak için daha fazla araştırma için umut verici bir hedef olabilir. Ancak, bu bulguları doğrulamak ve asprosinin T2DM ve MetS patofizyolojisindeki kesin rolünü araştırmak için ek çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Study of some bio chemical and oxidative strass parameters in serum of Iraqi leukemic patients
Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals and reactive oxygen species exceed antioxidant systems, activating several transcription factors and affecting their transcriptional pathways. Oxidative stress affects leukemia incidence, progression, and therapy. This research examined leukemia-related oxidative, physiological, and biochemical factors. The study included 200 Iraqis, including 150 leukemia patients. 50 healthy individuals aged 6–68 were the control group. Medical patient got six milliliters of blood collected from Al-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital. Oxidative parameters in both patient and healthy groups showed that MDA increased significantly in the patient group (278.6) Pg/ml compared to control, TAC did not differ significantly, and FRAP decreased significantly in leukemia patients (18.49) Pg/ml simultaneously glucose levels, albumin and protein carbonyl increased in all leukemia patients, although creatin decreased (18.36) Pg/ml compared to the control group (27.06). Lipid profile test showed that leukemia patients had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL (239.7, 40.53, and 189.2) than controls (170.8, 20.68, and 104.9) but no significant differences in HDL or LDL
Kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan Iraklı hastalardaklotho - protein interlökin- 10 ve dislipidemi arasındakiilişkilerin değerlendirilmesi
Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar dünya genelinde en yaygın ölüm nedenidir. Miyokard enfarktüsü, serebrovasküler olaylar ve kalp yetmezliği gibi kalp ve kan damarlarını etkileyen çeĢitli rahatsızlıkları kapsar. Klothoprotein yaĢam süresi ile iliĢkili bir proteindir. Antioksidan olarak iĢlev görür, hücreleri zarardan korur, kalsiyum ve fosfat düzeylerini kontrol ederek kardiyovasküler sağlık için hayati önem taĢımaktadır, enflamasyonu azaltarak, endotel fonksiyonunu artırarak ve aterosklerozu inhibe ederek kalbi koruyabilir. Ġnterlökin-10, bağıĢıklık sistemini modüle eden ve kardiyovasküler bozukluklarda önemli bir unsur olan enflamasyonu azaltan bir sitokindir. Artan interlökin-10 düzeyleri kardiyovasküler hastalık riskinin azalmasıyla bağlantılı olup, kalp sağlığı için olası avantajlarını göstermektedir. Klotho proteini ve interlökin-10 kardiyovasküler sağlık için çok önemlidir. Klotho proteininin antioksidan ve yaĢlanma karĢıtı özellikleri ve mineral metabolizmasındaki rolü kalp sağlığının korunmasına yardımcı olabilir. IL-10'un anti-enflamatuar özellikleri kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini azaltabilir. Bu vaka-kontrol çalıĢmasına 180 katılımcıdan oluĢan iki grup dâhil edilmiĢtir, ilk grup Wasit Valiliği'ndeki Al Karama Eğitim Hastanesi, Al-Zahraa Eğitim Hastanesi ve Al-Numaniyah Genel Hastanesi'nde yatan kardiyovasküler hastalıkları olan 120 hastadan oluĢmaktadır. Buna karĢılık, kontrol grubu yaĢ ve cinsiyetleri birbirine uyan 60 sağlıklı bireyden oluĢmaktadır. Tüm katılımcılardan temiz ve steril koĢullar altında 5 mL'ye kadar kan örneği alınmıĢ ve örnekler dikkatlice laboratuvara taĢınmıĢtır. Klotho proteini ve interlökin-10 serum düzeyleri enzime bağlı immünosorbent testi kullanılarak ölçülmüĢtür. Tüm diyabetik parametreler ve lipid profilleri otomatik biyokimyasal analiz cihazları kullanılarak üretici talimatlarına göre ölçülmüĢtür. Demografik özelliklere göre, kontrol grubunun yaĢ ortalaması 59.4±6.22 yıl olup, minimum yaĢ 48, maksimum yaĢ 72 olmuĢtur. Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar grubuna göre minimum yaĢ 49 ve maksimum yaĢ 74 iken, ortalama yaĢ 60,9±6,22 olarak bulunmuĢtur. Ayrıca, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıĢtır (p-değeri = 0.129). Kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan 120 hasta arasında 84 (%70) erkek oranı 36 (%30) kadın oranından daha yüksek bulunmuĢtur. Ayrıca, kontrol grubuna göre 45 (%75) olan erkek yüzdesi 15 (%25) olan kadın yüzdesinden daha yüksektir. Buna ek olarak, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark söz konusu değildir (p-değeri = 0,599). Kan testlerine gelince, klotho protein ve interlökin-10 düzeyleri kardiyovasküler hastalık grubunda (sırasıyla 456±49 ve 4.6±2.59 pg/mL) sağlıklı kontrol grubuna (sırasıyla 962±78.2 ve 11±2.68 pg/mL) kıyasla daha düĢük bulunmuĢtur. Anlamlı istatistiksel farklılık tespit edilmiĢtir (p-değeri =<0.001). Kan Ģekeri ve hemoglobin A1c düzeyleri kalp hastalığı grubunda (sırasıyla 137±12,9 mg/dL ve %6,9±0,51) sağlıklı kontrol grubundan (sırasıyla 80,1±5,67 mg/dL ve %5,09±0,31) daha yüksek bulunmuĢtur. Bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuĢtur (p-değeri = <0.001). Ayrıca, kandaki toplam kolesterol, trigliserit, düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein ve çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein miktarları sağlıklı kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulunmuĢtur (sırasıyla toplam kolesterol için 173±15,9 mg/dL, trigliserit için 89,4±23,4 mg/dL, düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein için 135±20 mg/dL ve çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein için 17,9±4,68 mg/dL). P-değeri 0,001'den küçük olan anlamlı bir fark bunu göstermiĢtir. Kandaki yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein düzeyi kardiyovasküler hastalığı olan kiĢilerde (35,3±5,72 mg/dL) sağlıklı kontrol grubuna (44,5±5,74 mg/dL) kıyasla daha düĢük olup, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark söz konusudur (p-değeri <0,001). Ayrıca, hemoglobin A1c ile açlık plazma glukozu (r = 0.626) ve hemoglobin A1c ile total kolesterol (r = 0.208) arasında pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuĢtur. Toplam kolesterol, düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = 0,923), trigliseritler ve çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = 1) arasında da pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuĢtur. Ayrıca, trigliseritler ile düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = -0,370), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein ile düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = -0,371) ve düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein ile çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein (r = -0,371) arasında negatif bir korelasyon saptanmıĢtır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalıĢmanın bulguları düĢük klotho ve interlökin-10 düzeyleri ile yüksek kardiyovasküler hastalık riski arasında önemli bir korelasyon olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, kardiyovasküler hastalığı olanlarda açlık plazma glukozu, hemoglobin A1c, toplam kolesterol, trigliserit, düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein ve çok düĢük yoğunluklu lipoprotein düzeyleri artmıĢ, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein düzeyleri ise azalmıĢtır. Bu sonuçlar klotho, interlökin-10 ve metabolik değiĢkenlerin kardiyovasküler hastalık etiyolojisi ve ilerlemesindeki olası rolünün altını çizmektedir.
Study hyperinsulinemia, glucose tolerance and some biochemical tests with reproductive disorders and lifestyle in infertile women
Insulin resistance is defined as a decrease in the ability of blood insulin to stimulate glucose disposal in target tissues of the human body or a reduced glucose response to a specific and known amount of insulin. This leads to an imbalance in the concentration of sugar, and in our study we found a difference in the rate of concentration of RBS between the group of infertility women and the group of healthy women, and it is known that insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia can occur due to obesity with the accumulation of visceral fat. It is known that the majority of obese people have a high percentage of lipds, so cholesterol and triglycerides are of importance in our study. Age also plays an important role in insulin resistance and has a role in infertility women. As some hormones play an important role in female infertility, there are two hormones produced by the pituitary gland responsible for stimulating ovulation each month, (FSH and LH). Any imbalance in these two hormones leads to female infertility. In this study, we found a clear relationship between FSH and LH with insulin. Also, CRP has an important role in our study, as we found a relationship between insulin and CRP in the infertility women group compared to healthy women. Therefore, hyperinsulinemia in infertility women is closely associated with FSH, LH, lipids and CRP.
Hipotiroidi hastalarında interlökin 6 ve bazı biyokimyasal paramiyallerin klinik çalışması
Amaç, hipotiroidizmdeki kronik inflamasyon ile bazı kimyasal parametreler arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak ve oksidatif stres (ROS) seviyelerindeki değişiklikleri ve antioksidan seviyelerindeki düşüşü incelemek, ayrıca bazı eser elementlerin seviyelerindeki düşüşü incelemektir. elementler. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastalar, hipotiroidi sorunu olan 120 hastadan oluşan hasta grubunun bulunduğu Bağdat Eğitim Hastanesi'ne gelen hipotiroidili hastalardan rastgele alındı ve kontrol grubu olarak diğer 120 sağlıklı kişi ile karşılaştırıldı. Sonuçlar hastalığın ileri yaşta geliştiğini gösterdiğinden, yaşın hipotiroidi gelişiminde büyük önemi vardı. Sitokinler, hipotiroidizmi olan hastalarda önemli göstergelere sahipti, ancak nispeten az klinik öneme sahipti. İz element seviyelerindeki değişiklikler, interlökin seviyelerini azaltarak inflamatuar hastalıkların gelişme şansının artmasına neden olabilir. Hastalarda lipid profili düzeyleri önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir ve lipid profilindeki değişiklikler hipotiroidi gelişiminin bir nedeni olabilir. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında demir istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Çinko emilimine yardımcı olabilecek hipotiroidili hastalarda çinkonun büyük önemi vardı. Y ve MDI, hipotiroidizmi olan hastalarda antioksidanların etkisini gösteren istatistiksel bir öneme sahipti.
Study the association of the levels of hepcidin with the development of anemia in obese patients
The present study has been designed to explore the relationship between obesity and anemia. For this purpose, 100 obese people were collected for the study with 30 healthy lean people with matched ages as control for the study. The blood of all participants was examined for hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, hepcidin, iron, catalase, white blood cells (WBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and uric acid. The results have indicated significant reduction of Hb level, significant elevation in the levels of ferritin and hepcidin, significant reduction of iron level, significant reduction of catalase activity, significant elevation in the WBC count, non-significant differences in the MCV and MCH, and significant elevation in the level of uric acid in obese people compared to lean people. In conclusion, obesity can be considered as risk factor for anemia development and lose in the ability of antioxidant defense system.
Evaluation of insulin resistance in patients with cholethiasis
Gallstone (GS) diseases highly prevalent with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis that cholesterol gallstones is the most common disease associated with biliary lipid abnormalities. Fasting blood sample and gallstone were collected from 140 patients with gallstone submitted to cholcystoctomy in Azady Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City from 1st April 2022 to the end of September 2022. They were divided into two study groups: GS patients with control (100 subjects with GS, 40 subjects control). Insulin, Lipid Profile(Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL- C, VLDL), Glucose, as well as measurement of HOMA-IR, BMI and stone analysis. The results of this study showed that the cholesterol gallstone was more common type than pigment or mixed stone, females have a greater risk of gallstone disease than males at all ages and the ratio of females to males was 3.1:1. The obesity is associated with gallstone formation showed that, BMI has high significant (p=0.001) difference between patients with gallstonecompared to control in both gender (males and females). Profound effects of lipid profile of serum lipids metabolism and lipoproteins on the gallbladder formation, showed : significant difference in TC, TG, LDL and VLDL for patients with gallstones compared with control. There was a high level of insulin in the serum of patients with gallstone compared with control, the mean level was,(10.2 ± 5.24μIU/mL).
The evaluation of the relationship between hypothyroidism to weight gain
The study has been designed to investigate the relationship between hypothyroidism and weight gain in humans, and the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of these two medical conditions through evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the serum. One hundred and fifty subjects were enrolled in this study and they were divided into three groups; 50 healthy overweight, 50 overweight with hypothyroidism, and 50 healthy people as control of the study. The differences of age were non-significant among the three groups. Despite that the body mass index (BMI) of healthy overweight and overweight with hypothyroidism groups were non-significant, the waist circumference and waist to hip ratio were significantly higher in overweight with hypothyroidism compared to healthy overweight. This indicates that central obesity has strong impact on the thyroid gland. The level of ROS was significantly higher in the serum of healthy overweight and overweight with hypothyroidism groups compared to control. Moreover, the level of serum ROS was significantly elevated in overweight with hypothyroidism compared to healthy overweight. In conclusion, oxidative stress plays important role in the pathophysiology of hypothyroidism and overweight through overproduction of ROS.
The relationship between alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic liver disease with obesity, diabetes and protein malnutrition
In patients undergoing bariatric surgery, the prevalence of NAFLD ranged from 37 to 91%, with the increase in this prevalence being linearly proportional to the increase in BMI, with the presence of central obesity. Alcoholic hepatitis is due to major liver damage with inflammation and destruction of liver cells; appears more abruptly and can be very serious. Patients typically present with yellowing (jaundice), malaise, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. It is important to highlight those numerous studies have been carried out with a proteomic approach in tissue samples from animal models of obesity, which have provided relevant information to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease; however, it is necessary to consider the limitations of animal models in the interpretation of the studies and their extrapolation to obesity in humans. Finally, cirrhosis associates a significant destruction of liver cells with a marked scarring process (fibrosis) that significantly alters the architecture of the liver, compromising its functions. Initially, patients may have almost no symptoms, but if their evolution continues, they may present accumulation of fluids in the abdomen (ascites), digestive bleeding, behavioural disorders (encephalopathy) and even a liver tumor.
Arginase activity and oxidative markes imbalance in patients with chronic diabetes mellitus complication
In the world, diabetes kills both adults and children. During a two-month period, 100 diabetics and 35 healthy controls collected 135 blood samples. Patients with anemia, hepatitis, or hypertension were excluded, as sampled from women over sixty and pregnant women. After separation, the serum was kept at -20 oC. Total protein, albumin, globulin, amino, carbonyl, and thiol groups were isolated. All samples had arginase enzyme activity. Second, the current study included a statistical investigation of the parameter-arginzyme correlation. The research's findings Diabetics have higher levels of arginase in their blood serum than healthy controls (P0.05). Diabetes patients reported reduced levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin, all at (P0.05). An increase in free amino acid content in patients relative to healthy controls (P0.05). The carbonyl group concentration decreased inpatients and increased in diabetics at the probability threshold of (P0.05). NO, and MDA concentrations increased in patients compared to healthy controls.
Assessment and association of some biochemical parameters in patients with liver cirrhosis in baghdad city
Cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by the pathological creation of regenerating clusters ringed by fibrous bands as a consequence of chronic liver injury, which results in portal congestion and end-stage fatty liver. Therefore to conduct a field study to find out the causes of liver cirrhosis and to find the most susceptible age range to the disease among women and men and to find the most accurate tests to diagnose the disease. The study included (100) samples (59) men and (49) women in the age range between 45-66 years old. Divided into two groups known as patient group and control group. The control group included 29 healthy men and 21 women. The patient men group divided into 15 suffered from hepatitis disease, 10 suffered from fatty liver, 5 were alcoholic hepatitis while the patient women group divided into 15 suffered from hepatitis disease, and 5 suffered from fatty liver. Some significant chemical tests were performed such as AST, ALT, Bilirubin, FBS, CHO, TG, HDL, LDL, D3, and B12. It can be concluded that there are significant differences for all chemical tests mentioned.
Assessment of β-asecretase and some parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Numerous pathogenetic factors are related to diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Adiponectin shortage is associated with chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, adiponectin deficiency, and plasma-site APP expression. The coexistence of these two diseases in many individuals could be explained by cleaving enzyme 1 activity and vascular injury. This study looked at β-site APP Cleaving enzyme 1 and various biochemical markers in diabetic type 2 individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease. The research included 90 patients. Thirty healthy control volunteers were disease-free and shared similar demographic features. The study revealed that patients with both diseases had the highest mean levels of β-secretase, while those without treatment had the lowest. The patients' mean age and weight were higher than the control group's, but the length was not significantly different. A high statistically significant of SOD, catalase, Vitamin C, uric acid, GSH, FBS, K, and Zn when compared to controls, while albumin, MDA, Insulin, and HbA1c and sodium there is a no-significantly difference. There was an association between β-secretase with SOD, Vitamin C, and MDA. While there was no association with Catalase, Albumin, Uric acid, GSH, FBS, Insulin, HbA1c Na, K, and Zn. Also indicated that decrease levels of β-asecretase with age.
Assessment of the total oxidant levels in people with different life style in al-diwaniyah population
In this study, we will try to find the relationship between oxidizing factors in the body and their relationship to work for people represented by hard work, medium work and easy work. The subjects of this study will be in (Al-Diwaniyah Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate/Iraq Needed at least 96 samples of these totals (hard work, medium work and easy work These results in FRAP in mean values between HW and MW (P-Value = 0.5038) is non significant.Our study results in MDA (P-Value <0.0001) concentrations compared to MW and EW is significant. The results in SOD in the mean values between HW and MW (P-Value = 0.2279) is non significant. The results in MG in the mean values between HW and MW (P-Value = 0.0210) is significant.The results in CRP in the mean values between HW and MW (P-Value <0.0001) is significant, The results in V.C in mean values between HW and MW (P-Value 0.0070) is non significant.
Evaluation of enzyme glutathione peroxidase level and some biochemical variables in the serum of patients with hashimoto's thyroiditis
In areas with adequate iodine, hashimoto's thyroiditis is one of the most causes of essential hypothyroidism and goiter. It is one of the foremost common immune system infections. It is seen between the ages of 30-50 and the rate in women is 15-20 times that of men. HT (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), moreover known as "chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis" and "incessant immune system thyroiditis", is the foremost common cause of goiter and obtained hypothyroidism in nations with satisfactory iodine admissions. Its characteristic include is that provocative cells penetrate the thyroid and create thyroid-specific autoantibodies such as anti-TG and anti-TPO. The level of glutathione peroxidase, anti-TG, anti-TPO, T4, TSH, and lipid profile high sensitive. The study was revealed, a significant increase in serum glutathione peroxidase and anti-TG levels in the patient's group when compared with the control. It was concluded that the increase of gultathione proxidase and anti-TG levels might lead to damage of thyroids and may be cause other disease.