Theses supervised by Doç. Dr. Sepanta Naimi
18 theses · Altınbaş University
Mermer atölyelerinden kaynaklanan atıkların beton üretiminde ince ve kaba agregalara alternatif olarak kullanılması
The marble industry generates significant waste that negatively impacts the environment. Unfortunately, only a small portion is utilized in various applications. These vast quantities of waste, often dumped indiscriminately, can hinder soil porosity and permeability, leading to reduced water absorption. This can contribute to soil-borne diseases, particularly respiratory issues amongst nearby residents, while also polluting groundwater. Moreover, the visual impact on the landscape is undeniably detrimental. This study investigated the potential of utilizing waste from marble workshops as an alternative to traditional Libyan aggregates (ploughing and blasting) in varying proportions for regular concrete production. The research explored both coarse and fine aggregates derived from marble waste. Fine aggregate was incorporated at various ratios (10%, 30%, and 50%) into the standard concrete mix alongside local sand. The suitability of these aggregates was evaluated through comprehensive mechanical and physical testing, encompassing not only the aggregates themselves but also the resulting concrete's workability and compressive strength. The findings encourage the use of marble waste as both coarse and fine aggregate in regular concrete. Notably, the mechanical properties of the obtained aggregates met all relevant specifications. The concrete containing 50% coarse marble aggregate alongside blastingaggregates exhibited a higher compressive strength than the reference mix crafted with local aggregates. Similarly, the concrete incorporating 30% fine marble aggregate displayed greater compressive strength compared to the standard formulation using local sand. Based on these promising results, we recommend further exploration of utilizing marble workshop waste as an alternative to traditional aggregates within the boundaries established by this research.
Numerical analysis of the geosynthetic reinforced embankment constructed on a soft foundation
Embankments and other structures on soft clay soils continue to be a geotechnical engineering challenge. The problems resulting from deformation are extensive on the embankment and cause failure, which leads to great instability or slippage due to insufficient shear strength and to address the resulting problems, the cost of time delay, non-service period and high maintenance cost. Therefore, the current study aimed to solve the issues by creating an improved model for the analysis and design of embankments supported by the geogrid of origin on soft clay soils under the influence of traffic loads through reinforcement with geogrid and supported by stone columns for the purpose of improving the foundation soil. Plaxis 3D 2020 was the Mohr-coulomb model, which was adopted for the soil and was used for this research. Using a set of numerical analyses, the effect of important design parameters like the position of the reinforcement, the number of layers, and the type of geogrid was studied on a geogrid-reinforced embankment. The results of the models showed for a geogrid-reinforced embankment, the reinforced embankment's lateral deformation, the improvement value in the construction phase was (45.2%) and the loading phase was (40.8%) the unreinforced embankment in the case type (GGIII) and with four layers of geogrid. In the case of vertical displacement, the improvement value in the construction phase was (15%) and in the loading phase was (18.1%) the unreinforced embankment in the type (GGIII) and with four layers. For the purpose of improving the foundation soil, stone columns reinforced with geogrid were placed. The results were compared in the case of a geogrid-reinforced and reinforced embankment with stone columns reinforced with geogrid of the type (GGIII) than those not supported by stone columns, and the improvement value in the case of horizontal displacement was (71%) in the construction phase and (12.7%) in the loading phase of the embankment that is without support from stone columns. In the case of vertical pressure, the improvement in the state of the embankment reinforced by geogrids and reinforced by stone columns reinforced with geogrid was (50%) in the construction phase and (61%) in the loading phase compared to the embankment without support from stone columns. A slope of 1:1.5 recommends choosing a geogrid of the type (GGIII) with four layers as the most efficient combination.
Investigating the potential of liquefaction issue of some Iraqi dams during earthquakes
This research is executed to investigate the critical role of soil properties in influencing the liquefaction phenomenon due to earthquakes. Also, this study highlights active methods that can help project managers construct dams that have higher stability and significant robustness. A case study is considered of the Karakaya Dam. Four research approaches were implemented, including one secondary data collection approach and three research methods to collect primary data collection, including extrapolation, linear regression, and interviews. Datasets were collected of Azami, Ortalama, and Asgari. The Euphrates River discharge rate was assessed from the Turkish Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The results indicated that the annual temperature in the future of zones and regions around the Karakaya Dam, including Azami, Ortalama, and Asgari, would witness a moderate increase of about 3 to 6 degrees Celsius next decade. The Euphrates River discharge rate at the Karakaya Dam would witness a significant increase from (100-350 m3) to (2,590-2,640 m3) in 2029, explaining that temperature and discharge rate may influence the occurrence of liquefaction problems. Soil temperature under the Karakaya Dam and chemical elements would not variate significantly next decade. The pH number will variate widely from 4.14 to 9.74 in 2029. The most significant chemical molecule concentration in the soil under the Karakaya Dam is the phosphite anion, corresponding to a minimum and maximum concentration of 1 and 2 μg/m2, respectively. Data analysis on earthquakes around the Karakaya Dam was not implemented as earthquake opportunities cannot be numerically predicted.
Numerical investigation of the dynamic soil-structure interaction of concrete buildings
This work is executed by identifying major soil characteristics related to the dynamic soil-structure interaction features of a reinforced concrete building. Numerical analysis and simulations were followed and adopted, relying on the ABAQUS® software package to assess the base shear, axial force, moment, and displacement, considering different types of soil. Based on the research work, the results revealed that the base shear for a five-floor building frame decreases by 5% from soft to medium soil and by 23% from medium to hard soil. Also, the base shear for a five-floor building frame decreases by 5% from soft to medium soil and by 23% from medium to hard soil. The base shear for a shear wall system with ten stories on medium soil is 20% less than base shear on soft soil. On hard soil, this outcome is lowered by 12%. The axial force for a five-floor building frame decreases by 2% from soft to medium soil and by 8% from medium to hard soil. Additionally, axial forces provide a 9% decrease for medium soil and a 4% reduction for hard soil in a 10-floor building frame resistance system. There is a reduction of 3% from soft to medium soil and a reduction of 12% on hard soil regarding axial force. Meantime, the axial forces are lesser for medium soil by 13% compared to soft soil and less by 6 % for hard soil. The displacement is decreased by 6% in a 5-floor building frame system on medium soil and by 11% on hard soil. However, the displacement of a 10-floor building structure is reduced by 10% on medium soil and 22% on hard soil. Displacement in a five-floor shear wall structure is decreased by 6% and 18% on medium and hard soil. Also, displacement reduces by 20% and 30% on medium and hard soil, respectively.
Enhancing the application of sustainable energy in Iraq by designing of pump storage hydropower network
The matter of sustainable energy is so significance line to be studied as this source of energy can serve the environment for the accumulation of pollutants and can improve the development in various sectors. Hydropower is one of these energies that can be based on the falling of water in the region of dams. In Iraq, the increasing of population lead to seek the ways to enhance the using of more types of electrical source that can adopt by the many dams that constructed on the water resources. The study examined the degree of improvement that can be obtained from construction of hydropower systems after the dam's body of Mosul, Dukan, and Darbandikhan. For each dam, the variation of height as the water surface of reservoirs were detected. The study used the Surfer program to process the GIS information of the dams regions and evaluation the contour lines. The study analyzed the ability to take the benefits from hydropower stations according to the inflow toward these regions, the topographic of the upstream areas, and the weather conditions. Each dam was analyzed with respect to water quantity balance. The predicted change in head per month for the three dams were set in specific tables to show the variety of available head along the period of operation. The head and the available discharge toward the turbines (as portion of the total outflow) were considered in the power equation to find the amount of power that could be generated in each month for the three dams. The generated powers were explained in tables. The results indicated that the Mosul Dam can give highest amount power following by Dukan and Darbandikhan dams. The study showed in figures (using Microsoft Excel program) the verity of these amounts of generated powers for each month. The study use the correlation techniques with supporting of Matlab program to derive effective formulas that link the inflow rates toward the turbines with the amount of power generated. The formulas were set in tables for the three dams that divided for each month.
Sustainable natural resources effect on construction projects performance
Economic growth of construction projects considered one of the many challenges that management representation. The lack of a unified understanding of the various types of building materials and their characteristics presents the biggest challenge to the Iraqi housing industry. Containing a set of defining characteristics. To that end, our research revealed the many factors, including cost and sustainability, that influence the final price tag of building projects. The primary obstacle confronted by this investigation is an automatic selection method's application to sustainable natural resources principles in residential building projects. The research methodology relies on three steps; the first is interviewing area experts to gather background information. The attributes of materials are ranked using the second technique. Third, there's WASPAS, which is the method of cost calculation. The research concluded that using the CPI representation for project predictions yields a considerable improvement in project shift costs. Performance data and test results showed that the existing method maintained a steady equilibrium in the evaluation of project processes. The expert thinks these are really important findings.
Investigation on reasons of late completion of construction projects
Unanticipated construction delays are inevitable, as is the case with most things. Confusion and a lack of communication are the most frequent causes of this delay. The majority of contractors anticipate the additional time they'll lose and include it into their overall schedule to prevent this from occurring. Consequently, the first step in managing time effectively is determining how well each part of the project should be controlled. In construction projects, project objectives are based on a succession of resource-constrained operations. Stakeholders and financial resources will always be bound by the scope, cost, timeline, and quality objectives of a project. Identify the fundamental reason of any delays before beginning a project so that you may make informed decisions or generate new options.When construction projects are delayed, time and money are wasted, which has a detrimental impact on both the project participants and the economy. A delay should be addressed immediately in order to determine who is at fault. There are four levels of conflict, ranging from arbitration to an appeal to a claim to a dispute that spirals out of control and may put the project on hold.
Cost estimation for building construction projects using an artificial neural network (ANN)
The success of a project depends upon the performance of the input resources when controlling costs. Many problems can face the project managers, but the main problem is the costing process due to varying circumstances. To support early predictions of total construction costs of buildings, it is necessary to establish a model that can present an accurate cost estimation. in this research, the ANN model has been used to estimate the cost of the project using developed rules. the presented rules were developed based on the zone of the building site. the reason for that this the project site position may have a different condition in Iraq, and that causes the different price of building cost. the present system involves influence factors that affect the building cost. identifying the effective cost factors to use in the ANN model. the ANN decision line results from the present system have been specified and used to estimate the costs. the method to achieve the thesis goal was validated by using the real case study building cost as a validation step. then, the numerical results of different building sizes were compared with a real case study and applied to the BIM model. the results observed an error percentage of about 7.69% from the actual cost.
Skills in time management to improve employee performance in construction projects
There are numerous perspectives on the passage of time among people. According to the traditional understanding, time is a dynamic condition that continually evolves and resets. Several societies believe that time is linear, with an unchangeable beginning and conclusion, and that actions and pursuits can only be accomplished in a finite length of time. Effective time management is an abstract concept that varies from person to person and job to profession. Their perspective on time is not a result of their upbringing, but rather the demands of their professions. Even if speed symptoms such as stress, acuity, anxiety, and discomfort are addressed, it is difficult for project management to rectify them since their values fluctuate as conditions and causes change. It was evident from how the workers performed their tasks, which in turn affected the project's success Efficiency is crucial to a company's success because it enables personnel to perform their tasks more successfully. The significance of the work environment, corporate culture, and management style has been investigated. According to the allocated weights, each component has a distinct impact on capital gains. To further comprehend this, let's examine the impact of various leadership styles on the effectiveness with which tasks are accomplished. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that organizations with more democratic management structures produce better outcomes. Culture also influences productivity, notably the frequency with which individuals are encouraged to think creatively. Many variables influence the quality of work performed in any given workplace.
Implementation and analysis of state of-the-art sustainable techniques to improve the construction performance: A case study
This work is carried out to address the importance and significant contributions of sustainability and green building principles in improving construction energy efficiency, performance, resilience, energy stability, and reducing its negative impact on the environment. This research adopted two critical research approaches, including (1) quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study and (2) case study analysis. The research results revealed that using sustainable methods, intelligent energy-efficient techniques, and green building principles play a critical role in improving building sustainability and achieving various essential benefits in terms of better economic feasibility, lower maintenance and operation costs, indoor environment quality, and reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and negative impact on the environment. Also, the study concluded the importance of linking the principles of sustainability and design elements in order to implement and analyze the latest sustainable technologies to improve building performance. In the study, the researcher focused on the importance of controlling and estimating construction costs in order to achieve effective sustainability that contributes to improving construction performance. The researcher emphasized the achievement of the desired sustainable work goals that would increase the quality of the performance of construction projects. The study concluded the importance of controlling costs in the event of future changes in order to avoid problems in construction and weaken the performance of the project. Also, achieving high-performance speed in calculating quantities could ensure the application of effective techniques that increase the sustainability and performance of construction projects. Also, it was found that monitoring project scheduling plays a vital role in improving construction performance and not causing delays in project delivery.
A comparative study of sustainable building materials effect using BIM
Thermal efficiency, also known as U-value, is a measure of the thermal qualities of a building envelope and a crucial criterion for determining heat loss via building elements due to heat transmission. It can be calculated depending on the thermal properties of the building components. Improving the thermal properties of composite walls offers the potential to achieve high energy and environmental performance criteria for buildings, such as almost zero-energy structures. Compared to conventional construction, composite walls excel in sustainability, cost-effectiveness, the building process, and worker safety. Due to the high thermal conductivity of structural materials, thermal bridges can occur in wall elements notwithstanding the advantages of this construction approach. In this study, the effect of thermal insulation layers on the performance of composite walls is studied. Several composite wall types are tested for this aim utilizing the climate conditions of four distinct regions in Iraq. This method for determining thermal transmittance requires simply the temperatures of the interior and exterior air, as well as the wall material specifications. Three types of results founded from four zones in Iraq. The first result is the heat load of 21 type of composite material, the second result is the total cost of used wall composite materials and finally, is the ranking results using the developed method T-TOPSIS.A comprehensive statistical analysis demonstrates the direct effect of the Iraqi climate on the heat load of the building and the efficacy variations between insulating materials.
Losses resulting from exceeding the specified time for completion and its impact on the status of the project and delay in utilizing services
This research is conducted to estimate the critical contributions and roles of BIM technology in managing the cost and schedule evaluation of a construction project. The study depends on a cross-sectional study (using online survey questionnaires) and numerical analysis (using REVIT quantity take-off) to achieve the study targets. These approaches are vital to address critical factors affecting losses resulting from exceeding the specified time for completion and its impact on the status of the project and delay in utilizing services by designing a questionnaire and distributing it using a Google model to a group of specialists in engineering projects and evaluating the most prominent factors in terms of the degree of importance and their impact on the construction and contracting sector. The results indicated that using the numerical REVIT quantity take-off to calculate the cost, schedule, and amount of construction materials provided significant levels of time, effort, and cost reduction for engineers. In addition, it was remarkably accurate compared with manual calculations. In addition, it was found that the executing companies are a significant reason for the delay in the implementation of projects. Moreover, the study confirmed that there are risks that affect the delay in the implementation of projects, and these risks include construction mismanagement, poor communication, financial, legal, market, policy and politics, and technical risks.
Study the impact of opening on the hysteretic response of shear wall
Structures often use shear walls made of reinforced concrete to stop things from moving sideways. Depending on where they are and what they do, the walls of the building can be flat, connected, or core walls. Shear wall systems work best for low-rise buildings with up to 20 stories (Bungle). They use more material than walls that don't bend and frames that don't bend. Shear wall solutions shouldn't be used in buildings that have a lot of glass or walls that are see-through. Because the fundamental periods are short and the drift between floors is limited, these systems are good for low and mid-rise buildings because they are stable and resistive. Shear wall systems can still withstand earthquake loads even though they have a higher structural base shear force than other resistant systems. Shear walls that are joined together and held up by beams can span larger gaps. They can be as strong as a stiff frame or as strong as a whole wall. This study looks at the relationship between the length of the construction and the size of the shear wall aperture. figuring out the largest ratios of slot length to sidewall length that can be ignored by modelling. If designers know the smallest opening ratio at which a solid wall becomes a frame, they can make their models safe and easy to use. To figure out how long a shear wall structure will last, the ASCE7-16 code formula and the results of finite element analysis are compared. Apertures can change the basic period and sideways movement of shear wall systems. Modeling involves two stages. This level looks at how these gaps affect how common structures are shown in 3D. A formula for growth over time was also brought up. The main results and conclusions of the study come after this introduction.
Novel approach for earthquake prediction and seismic-quality factor estimation using machine learning models
In the earth sciences, earthquake prediction is one of the great unsolved problems. Despite decades of research attempting to identify earthquake precursors, there is no proven analytical method to predict earthquakes before they occur. The problem is challenging as there is no discernable signal in the seismic waveform prior to an earthquake. The data are multidimensional, so it is hard for humans to analyze. Moreover, there are a large number of signal processing algorithms that can be applied to the raw data, so choosing the optimum input data is difficult. The application of deep learning is rare in the literature, and therefore may offer a new avenue for research. Our project will attempt to create an earthquake warning system utilizing deep neural networks and the available real time seismic monitoring systems.
Study of deformations in sheet piles under the influence of different variables
Due to the trend toward building tunnels, roads, parking garages, and most of the services, it has become necessary to study the methods of supporting the soil and know the quality of the loads and stresses that affect the supporting panels and what deformations can occur on these panels and how they behave. The goal of this research, which focuses on theory and application, is to help geotechnical engineers worldwide choose and use the finest modelling tools, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice. Utilizing the program PLAXIS 2D, analyzing the distortions to which he is subjected in the sheet pile is crucial to comprehending the geotechnical behavior of the soil on the panels. Additionally, different mathematical relationships can be obtained by altering the levels of study, such as soil type and characteristics, locations for installing sheet piles, excavation depth, groundwater level, and others, to study one or more of these variables and their effects on the design. This thesis investigated the behavior of the cantilever and anchorage sheet pile under the influence of various factors. Among the most important factors investigated were dredge level, water table level, the distance of anchors from the ground surface, the distance between anchors, and the number of anchors. Sheet pile and different levels of these variables mentioned know the deformations in the sheet pile under these factors and variables where this study uses different types of soil with different degrees of saturation. The main focus of this thesis was on calculating the bending moments resulting from the difference of these factors in the case of the constant load imposed on the soil using a computer program called PLAXIS 2D Connect Edition v20, which is based on the theory of finite elements and is used to determine the behavior of sheet piles by studying horizontal displacements, maximum bending moments, and driven depth of two types of sheet piles, cantilever and anchorage sheet piles. Also, compare these results to those of the PROSHEET program to get more reliable and realistic results.
Investigation of the effect of fire exposure on the behavior of normal and confined reactive powder concrete columns under different load eccentricities
In recent years, the growth of urban cities building has improved the building process, improving the specification of structural design for high-strength building products that element length is a dominant factor in the design of building. Because of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) outstanding high strength and durability characteristics, RPC has more attention in building construction nowadays. Therefore, any additions of improving elements will be helpful to maintain good performance of concrete in different situations such as exposing to fire. The current research aims to investigate the changes of reactive powder concrete strength under various burning temps (200, 400 and 600 degree centigrade) experimentally. The work was done by using three groups of samples each group subject to specific burning temp for 1 hr, and each group divided into four subgroups to show the changes in concrete cover (15 and 30) mm and applying Ø5@200mm and without secondary reinforcement. The next section is a 3D-dimension analysing of finite elements utilizing ABAQUS / standard 2018 software package. There was a comparison between the outcomes of the test and the outcomes of numerical model. The comparison between the RPC columns' experimental and numerical outcomes indicated strong agreement. The sum of the variation between mathematical and laboratory outcomes approximately (2.5 -7.7) percent. The numerical part was divided into two main parts fist one deals with similar experimental cases, but with applying axial and uniaxial load (20 mm eccentric) from center of column and subject to similar burning temperatures as experimental part. While the second part consists with similar cases as first one, but with wrap the column with a sheet of steel that reduce the losing in strength resulting from exposure to burning. The obtained findings show that increasing burning temps from 200 to 600 lead to reduce the compressive, tensile and flexural strength for reactive powder concrete. Also, increase concrete cover from 15 to 30mm lead to enhance the concrete column against firing and using secondary reinforcement for similar concrete cover lead to increase the concrete resistance against fire significantly.
Makhool barajının optimum duruma ulaşma performansının analizi
The construction of a dam on the streamline of the water resource can be back important benefit in controlling the amount of water that been stored or spread toward the downstream region for various demand. In Iraq, the Tigris river and it attributes included number of dams that build for different purposes. The place of Lesser Zab stream that joins the stream of Tigris river lead to the important step for building Makhool dam as the projected designed for controlling the amount of water in middle and southern region of Iraq. The management of the makhool dam is important strategy to be move through for conserving sufficient but not excessive quantity of water before the dam and sharing sufficient amount of water to be flow out the dam to several requirements. The study aimed to examine the monthly water balance that based on the amounts of flow rate toward and outward the dam. The study also in balance condition took the effect of the precipitation and the evaporation in the overall resultant of the water stored. The study arranged its pathway analysis by deriving main equation for each month that control the main parameters into negative and positive quantities so that, the summation gave the resultant quantity. The outflow rate per month was assumed as percentage of the inflow rate for studying the influence of various magnitudes of water that spreading after the dam toward the downstream region on the management stability. The topographic of the region of reservoir was studied by using Surfer program in which fed by the GIS data then analyzed for evaluating the amounts of volumes and the areas that formed between each two adjacent contour lines. The study build management plan for each month and showed the details by figures and tables that included the influence of changing the outflow rates and also the amount of water that stored on the elevation of water surface in the reservoir. The study then used the technique of simulation based on HEC RAS program. The study explained the speed of flooding that result by predicted overtopping cases as the water elevation reach the crest elevation of the dam. The simulation showed that the flood wave reach the distance of 33 km from the dam obstacle line after 53 hours.
İnşaat projesinin nedenleri Irak'ta (Necef) gecikme
The construction sector holds significant importance within the setting of Iraq. It is well acknowledged that a significant proportion of construction projects in this country frequently have delays in meeting predetermined timelines and surpass intended budgets, often occurring simultaneously. The major aims of this Thesis are to investigate the impacts of building items deficiencies and to identify the primary factors contributing to these shortages in Iraq. To accomplish the aforementioned objectives, a comprehensive examination of existing literature and a survey methodology are employed. The survey requires key stakeholders involved in the advancement of infrastructure, housing, transportation, and healthcare initiatives to complete a questionnaire. The present survey possesses the capacity to be dissected into its constituent elements. The main aim of this study is to assess the influence of resource constraints on project delays by comparing them with alternative factors. The inclusion of the 20 criteria in the questionnaire has been derived after a meticulous examination of the pertinent scholarly sources. This study involved the participation of a sample of fifty individuals who are professionals in the construction sector. The sample included various roles such as managers, consultants, subcontractors, project engineers, and academic specialists. The subsequent section of the study aims to identify and assess the primary causes that contribute to shortages in materials. The aforementioned concerns can be categorized into four distinct groups, namely technological, experiential, managerial, and governmental. The analysis has two goals: first, to determine how important material shortages contrast with other explanations for delays, and second, to determine what factors are most responsible for shortages of materials. This thesis presents research that sheds insight on the causes of Iraq's looming shortage of construction materials. The closure of nearby material manufacturing facilities as a result of governmental rules, the lack of an adequate material managerial structure in building endeavours, And the lack of skilled owners or managers to oversee the current firms producing building materials are all contributing factors.