The assessment of the relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality and body weight, anthropometric measurements and eating habits in adolescents

Aim: Studies have shown that there is a significant relationship between sleep quality, sleep duration and body weight. This study has been planned and carried out to examine the effects of sleep quality and sleep duration on adolescents; nutritional habits and anthropometric measurements. Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of a total of 346 adolescents aged between 11 and 13 years studying at two elementary schools in the Muğla province center between September and December 2017. The sample was determined by sampling with the 95% confidence interval using the known sampling method and the determined number was distributed in a stratified manner by class and gender. The selection of the subjects to be taken for the study was conducted by simple random sampling method. Demographic characteristics, general health status, nutrition habits, nutrient consumption, physical activity status and sleep related characteristics of the students were questioned face to face with a questionnaire by the researcher. In the study, 24-hour retrospective food consumption of the students was recorded and Nutrition Information System Package Program (BEBIS) and energy and nutrient elements were calculated. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to determine sleep qualities and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference). SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 24.0 package program was used for statistical analysis. Results: 49% (n = 170) of the subjects were females and 51% (n = 176) of the participants composed of males. The mean age of the general population was 11.9 ± 0.8 kg/m2 and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 19.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2. 48.2 % of the participants in the study were defined as normal weight while 6.1% was underweight, 10.4% was risk of underweight and %22.3 was overweight and 13.0% was obese. Individuals with good sleep quality were 86.4% and individuals with poor sleep quality were 13.6%. Measurements of height (p = 0.044) and hip circumference (p = 0.030) were significantly higher than those of the poor sleep quality, compared with those of the good sleep quality according to the PSQI classification of women. PSQI value is significantly related with height (cm) in a positive direction (r = 0.185; p = 0.001) but statistically related negatively with waist / hip ratio (r = -0.164; p = 0.002). A statistically significant relationship was found between the age, disease status, additional vitamin intake, breakfast and main meal jump, the time spent on the computer, the duration of daily sleep, of the individuals with PSQI value and sleep duration (p <0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between the PSQI scores with those who eat one hour before sleep and 3 hours before meals, the ones who had good but others who did not have good appetite the day after the sleepless night and those who did and not did physical activity (p <0.05). According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, when daily energy and macro nutrient intake are assessed, the average energy intake of those with good sleep quality was 1876.6 ± 268.2 kcal while the energy intake of those with poor sleep quality was 1867.8 ± 257.0 kcal. This difference was not statistically significant (p> 0,05). For individuals with good sleep quality, the rate of energy coming from carbohydrate, protein and fat is, respectively, 49.3 ± 7.7%, 15.8 ± 3.8 and 34.8 ± 6.8 grams. For individuals with poor sleep quality, the rate of energy coming from carbohydrate, protein and fat is respectively; 48.9% ± 6.3%, 16.2 ± 3.7% and 34.8 ± 5.7% grams (p>0.05). It was also found that there was no statistically difference between daily vitamin and mineral intake of individuals and PSQI classes. The daily intake of saturated fatty acids was statistically significantly lower (p = 0.040) in individuals with good sleep quality than those with poor sleep quality. Conclusion: Sleep duration and quality and nutrition have many effects on health. For this reason, adolescents and their families should be provided with education to improve sleep quality, to regulate eating habits and to improve health. Key words: adolescent; nutrition habits; sleep quality; sleep duration Anahtar kelimeler: adölesan; beslenme alışkanlıkları; uyku kalitesi; uyku süresi