Multiculturalism discourse and rising Islamophobia in the west: Concepts, theories, practices

Today, many scientific studies have been written about multiculturalism and Islamophobia both in the West and in our country. So much so that both concepts come directly or indirectly to the agenda. On the one hand, multiculturalism, which functions to hold different identities and cultures together under minimum conditions; on the other hand, Islamophobia as a sharpened instigator to eliminate differences financed by discourses such as security, risk and fear. The way in which the mentioned concepts and contents are filled and emptied are determined according to the current state of the global political language. With the differentiation of the political situation and cyclical structures, it changes and transforms in the meaning attributed to the concepts. The fact of living together is one of the most problematic areas of the modern world people. In addition, it is one of the most sought-after areas in the social sciences, most talked about. It is one of the most fundamental problems of all societies that differences live together in peace and tranquility in today's world. When looking at the existing states, naturally different cultures, different beliefs and different religions come together. Therefore, today we see that the differences in the invisible basis of many problems are the problem of living together in peace and peace. In this context, the basic joke of multiculturalism is that different cultures live together and can tolerate each other. However, the phenomenon of Islamophobia, which has emerged in Western Europe today, almost cannot even accept the right of life for Muslims. This study consists of three parts. In the first part, the meaning of the concept of multiculturalism, its history and what kind of cyclical structure it emerges and the concepts that multiculturalism has brought to the agenda will be emphasized. Since multiculturalism debates and research have recently been brought to the agenda in the field of social sciences, creating a conceptual infrastructure has been considered important for the efficiency of our study. In the second part, the historical evolution of Islamophobia will be emphasized. In the third part, "the examples that have been experienced until today and which have had more impact than other events have been discussed. In this context, the subject will be tried to be examined by literature review.